Perry J. Brown, Dean
Donald F. Potts, Associate Dean
Education in forestry at The University of Montana began in 1913
with the founding of the School of Forestry. Through the 86 years
of its existence, the School has established a national reputation
for strong educational programs based on both technical competence
and social responsibility.
Present day land management challenges range from intensive resource
utilization to organism and ecosystem preservation. Resource professionals
need a broad range of talents and perspectives to solve present
day problems and quickly adapt to address an even more complex
future. Our instructional programs produce both specialists and
broadly trained generalists, all of whom understand the complex
interrelationships between resource use and quality of human environment.
All instructional programs emphasize interaction with practicing
professionals and opportunities to observe and participate in
current field resource management situations. Field trips are
offered in many courses. In addition, students in several options
may obtain intensive field experience through on site course offerings
in a camp setting at the Lubrecht Experimental Forest.
All students taking courses in the School of Forestry are assessed
a forestry fee each semester for travel, laboratory materials,
teaching assistants, and other instructional costs. A few courses
are exempted from this fee. (See the Class Schedule.)
High School Preparation: Students planning to
enter the School of Forestry should attain a sound high school
background in English, social studies, mathematics, biology, and
other sciences.
Entering freshmen and non resident transfer students will be admitted
to the School of Forestry in accordance with general university
admissions requirements listed previously in the catalog. See
index.
Resident transfer students must have a grade point average of
2.0 or above to be admitted to the School of Forestry.
University students wanting to change their major to the School
of Forestry must have a grade point average of 2.0 or above.
Students are required to consult with their advisors before each
registration period. New students needing an advisor and current
students who wish to change advisors should contact the Dean's
Office. Students may change their advisor at any time, and often
do as their specific interests develop or change. Students are
responsible for fulfilling the published requirements. Students
are urged to solicit the advisor's help at all times.
Special Degree Requirements
Refer to graduation requirements listed previously in the catalog.
See index.
Degree candidates must complete successfully a curriculum that
includes:
1. A minimum of three courses primarily designed to develop communication
skills with at least one each in the areas of oral communications
and written communications including an upper-division writing
course.
2. A minimum of three quantitative courses CS 172, BADM 201, FOR
201, PSYC 220, SOC 202, WBIO 240, ANTH 381, and MATH 117 or higher,
but not to include MAT 005, MATH 100, 107, 109, 130 or 132.
3. Except for the B.S. in Wildlife Biology, a course of study
containing not less than 36 traditional letter graded semester
credits in the School of Forestry, of which a minimum of 20 credits
must be taken while an approved major within the School of Forestry.
4. Except for the B.S. in Wildlife Biology, a minimum of 400 hours
of work experience appropriate to the degree being sought and
to the student's career objectives, as determined by the forestry
faculty.
5. An overall course of study approved by the forestry faculty
selected from one of the following academic program areas:
-Forest Resources Management Option in Forestry (BSF)
-Range Resources Management Option in Forestry (BSF)
-Conservation Option in Resource Conservation (BSRC)
-Land and People Option in Resource Conservation (BSRC)
-Terrestrial Sciences Option in Resource Conservation (BSRC)
-Recreation Management (BSRM)
-Terrestrial Option in Wildlife Biology (BSWB)
-Aquatic Option in Wildlife Biology (BSWB)
-Honors Emphasis in Wildlife Biology (BSWB)
Each student will select an academic option, preferably during
the first or early in the second year. A coursework program will
be worked out for each student with an advisor, according to the
guidelines and any additional requirements set forth in the current
University Catalog.
6. All students in any of the academic program areas in the School
of Forestry will complete, and pass with a D or better, a core
curriculum that includes:
a) Natural Resources Measurements Summer Camp (except Wildlife
Biology students--see Wildlife Biology section of this catalog)
(if a student enters the University with 60 or more transfer
credits, he/she will be exempt)
b) A course in ecology (FOR 330, FOR 462, BIOL 340/341 or transferred
equivalent)
c) A course in natural resources policy (FOR 422, RECM 370,
WBIO 410, WBIO 475, or transferred equivalent)
d) A course in multidisciplinary natural resources management
planning (FOR 480 or transferred equivalent)
7. The Upper-division Writing Expectation must be met by successfully
completing an upper-division writing course from the approved
list in the Academic Policies and Procedures section of this catalog.
See index.
To continue coursework in the School of Forestry beyond the freshman
year, the student must maintain a cumulative grade average of
2.00 (C) or above. To graduate, the student must have a cumulative
grade point average of 2.00 (C) for all forestry courses taken
as well as a cumulative 2.00 overall average (2.5 for wildlife
biology), and pass all required classes.
Bachelor of Science in Forestry
This degree emphasizes the training and preparation of students
in the art and science of multiple use land management. Two options
are offered in this degree: forest resources management and range
resources management. Both are described below.
Forest Resources Management Option: This curriculum,
accredited by the Society of American Foresters, is designed to
provide students with education and training in the art and science
of resource analysis and in making and implementing land management
decisions to provide for the best use of all resources of the
forest environment. Current philosophy and methods of producing
forest based goods and services such as recreation, timber, water,
range and wildlife are stressed, with a heavy emphasis in field
methods and applications.
Completion of the requirements for this degree allows for qualification
as a Forester for the U.S. Civil Service
Commission, a requirement of all who wish to practice as a forester
for federal agencies such as the U.S. Forest Service, and many
state government and private forestry employers.
Range Resources Management Option: This curriculum is
designed to prepare students for a variety of career opportunities
in rangeland vegetation management. The program emphasizes rangeland
ecology, use, management and conservation. The interrelationships
of soil, plants, and animals are studied in great breadth and
depth, with extensive field and laboratory experience stressed.
Opportunities for employment as a range management specialist
include, but are not limited to, federal agencies such as the
U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management; state agencies
and private corporations and ranches that require the expertise
of a professional range manager.
Bachelor of Science in Resource Conservation
This degree provides a broad academic foundation in natural
resources with emphasis on their social importance.
The degree is designed for individuals with unique or specific
career objectives not served by the School's other degree programs.
This program provides career opportunities by combining the science
and management base gained from natural resource oriented courses
with courses from departments in the social sciences and liberal
arts. Graduates from this program can be prepared for specialization
in environmental law or business. Graduates might also seek employment
with advocacy and professional organizations dealing with natural
resources. This degree is not intended to prepare students for
professional careers in forest management, recreation management
or wildlife biology. Students wishing to pursue careers in these
areas should enroll in the appropriate degree program.
Bachelor of Science in Recreation Management
A detailed description of this degree, including curriculum
requirements, is found under the Recreation Management section
in this catalog.
Bachelor of Science in Wildlife Biology
The School of Forestry cooperates with the Division of Biological
Sciences in offering a degree program in wildlife biology.
Wildlife biology is the study of wild vertebrate animals, their
habitats and their environment. The undergraduate curriculum constitutes
pre professional training for employment in fish and game conservation,
ad provides an excellent background in general ecology.
Since few employment opportunities exist in wildlife management
or research for students with the bachelor's degree, wildlife
biology students should plan to continue their education, at least
through the master's degree, to qualify for most state and federal
wildlife management or research positions.
Three curricula are offered in the wildlife biology program: Terrestrial,
Aquatic, and Honors. Curriculum requirements are found under the
Wildlife Biology section in this catalog.
Minor in Nature and Democracy
Descriptions of this minor and of the Bolle Center for People
and Forests are found under the Nature and Democracy section of
this catalog.
Minor in Wilderness Studies
Descriptions of this minor and of the Wilderness and Civilization
program are found under the Wilderness Studies section of this
catalog.
Graduate Programs
The School of Forestry offers these graduate degrees: Master
of Science in Resource Conservation, Master of Science in Forestry,
Master of Ecosystem Management, Master of Science in Wildlife
Biology, Master of Science in Recreation Management, and Doctor
of Philosophy.
For further information on these programs contact the Graduate
School.
Forestry and Resource Conservation
Bachelor of Science in Forestry
Forest Resources Management Option
In addition to special degree requirements listed previously,
the students selecting the Forest Resources Management option
must complete the following required courses or their equivalent,
if transferred from another college or university. Transference
and equivalency will be determined by the University and School
of Forestry. Electives may be taken at any time, keeping in mind
these requirements as well as the University's General Education
requirements for graduation.
First Year |
Credits |
BIOL 120N General Botany |
|
CHEM 151N General Chemistry |
|
COMM 111A Introduction to Public Speaking |
|
ECON 111S Introduction to Microeconomics |
|
ENEX 101 Composition |
|
MATH 121 Pre Calculus |
|
MATH 150 Applied Calculus |
|
Electives and General Education |
|
Summer |
|
FOR 200 Natural Resources Measurements Camp |
|
Second Year |
|
FOR 201 Forest Biometrics |
|
FOR 202 Forest Mensuration |
|
FOR 220 Technical Writing |
|
FOR 210N Introductory Soils |
|
FOR 230 Forest Fire Management |
|
FOR 232 Forest Insects and Diseases |
|
FOR 240N Tree Biology |
|
FOR 241N Dendrology |
|
FOR 275 Wildlife Conservation |
|
RECM 217 Wildland Recreation Management |
|
Electives and General Education |
|
Third and Fourth Years |
|
FOR 320 Forest Economics |
|
FOR 330 Forest Ecology |
3 |
FOR 340 Harvesting and Products |
4 |
FOR 347 Multiple Resource Silviculture |
3 |
FOR 351 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing |
3 |
FOR 360 Range Management |
3 |
FOR 385 Watershed Hydrology |
3 |
FOR 422 Natural Resource Policy |
3 |
FOR 441 Timber Management |
3 |
FOR 480 Project Design and Analysis |
3 |
FOR 481 Forest Planning |
3 |
Electives and General Education |
26 |
Range Resources Management Option
In addition to special degree requirements listed previously,
students electing the range resources management option must complete
the following required courses, or their equivalent if transferred
from another college or university. Transference and equivalency
will be determined by the University and School of Forestry. Electives
may be taken at appropriate times, keeping in mind these requirements
as well as the University's General Education requirements for
graduation.
First Year |
Credits |
BIOL 120N General Botany |
|
CHEM 151N General Chemistry |
|
COMM 111A Introduction to Public Speaking |
|
ECON 111S Introduction to Microeconomics |
|
ENEX 101 Composition |
|
GEOG 102N Introduction to Physical Geography |
3 |
MATH 121 Pre Calculus |
|
MATH 150 Applied Calculus |
|
Electives and General Education |
|
Summer |
|
FOR 200 Natural Resources Measurements Camp |
|
Second Year |
|
BIOL 350 Rocky Mountain Flora |
|
FOR 201 Forest Biometrics |
|
FOR 210N Introductory Soils |
|
FOR 220 Technical Writing |
|
FOR 230 Forest Fire Management |
|
FOR 275 Wildlife Conservation |
|
Electives and General Education |
|
Third and Fourth Years |
|
FOR 320, 330, 351, 360, 361, 362, 385, 410, 455, 460,
461, 462, 463, 480. |
|
Bachelor of Science in Resource Conservation
In addition to special degree requirements listed previously,
students selecting the Bachelor of Science in Resource Conservation
should contact their advisors to approve curriculum. In addition,
the student, with advice and consent of his or her advisor from
the School of Forestry, should design a curriculum addressing
their specific needs. Any deviations from the program can be made
only with the advice and consent of the student's faculty advisor.
Conservation Option
This program provides students with a foundation in natural
resource courses along with courses in the social sciences and
liberal arts. It prepares students for specializing in environmental
law, business or professional organizations dealing with natural
resources.
Example of possible program in the conservation option:
First Year |
Credits |
BIOL 120N General Botany |
|
CHEM 151N General Chemistry |
|
COMM 111A Introduction to Public Speaking |
|
ENEX 101 Composition |
|
MATH 121 Pre Calculus |
|
Electives and General Education |
|
Summer |
|
FOR 200 Natural Resources Measurements Camp |
|
Second Year |
|
ECON 111S Introduction to Microeconomics |
|
ECON 112S Introduction to Macroeconomics |
|
PSC 100S Introduction to American Government |
|
FOR 210N Introductory Soils |
|
FOR 220 Technical Writing |
|
Electives and General Education |
|
Third and Fourth Years |
|
(minimum of 30 credits at the 300 level or above; and
at least two 400 level or above to include For 422). |
|
Terrestrial Sciences Option
The terrestrial sciences option is designed to provide students
with a solid scientific foundation in the biological and physical
science aspects of terrestrial conservation. The curriculum consists
of a required core of science classes and an individualized curriculum
of upper-division science courses chosen by the student in consultation
with a faculty advisor. The curriculum must include at least 12
credits in forestry or wildlife biology at the upper-division
level in addition to those specified below. This is an ideal option
for those students who want to specialize their undergraduate
education in areas such as forest ecology, hydrology, forest soils,
biometrics, fire, or remote sensing.
First Year |
Credits |
ENEX 101 Composition |
|
COMM 111A Introduction to Public Speaking |
|
CHEM 151N General Chemistry |
|
CHEM 152N-154N Organic Chemistry |
|
BIOL 103N-104N Diversity of Life |
|
GEOL 100N General Geology or 109N Environmental Geoscience |
|
GEOL 101N Geology Laboratory |
|
MATH 121 Precalculus |
|
MATH 152 Calculus I |
4 |
Electives and General Education |
|
Summer |
|
FOR 200 Natural Resources Measurements Camp |
|
Second Year |
|
FOR 201 Forest Biometrics |
|
FOR 210N Forest Soils |
|
FOR 220 Technical Writing |
|
FOR 240 Tree Biology |
|
FOR 241 Dendrology |
|
PHYS 221N General Physics I |
|
PHYS 222N General Physics II |
|
MATH 153 Calculus II or MATH 158 Differential Equations |
|
Electives and General Education |
|
Third and Fourth Years |
|
FOR 330 Forest Ecology |
3 |
FOR 385 Watershed Hydrology |
3 |
FOR 480 Project Design and Analysis |
3 |
FOR 422 Natural Resource Policy |
3 |
Electives and General Education |
48 |
Land and People Option
The purpose of this curriculum is to provide a broad program
of study, which focuses on the evolving relationship between people
and their natural environment. The curriculum is designed to prepare
people with career interests in the management of natural resources
with a particular human focus involving conservation, law, business
or public affairs. The core program of required courses is designed
to be supplemented by electives chosen by the student in consultation
with a faculty advisor. These electives must include at least
two other upper-division courses in forestry, recreation, or wildlife
biology.
First Year |
Credits |
ENEX 101 Composition |
|
COMM 111A Introduction to Public Speaking |
|
MATH 121 Precalculus |
|
CHEM 151N General Chemistry |
|
CS 101 Introduction to Programming or CS 172 Introduction
to Computer Modeling |
|
GEOL 109N Environmental Geoscience |
|
BIOL 121N-122N Introductory Ecology |
|
ECON 111S-112S Micro- and Macro-economics |
|
Electives and General Education |
4 |
Summer |
|
FOR 200 Natural Resources Measurements Camp |
|
Second Year |
|
FOR 201 or MATH 241 or SOC 202 or PSYC 220 Statistics
|
|
FOR 210N Forest Soils |
|
FOR 220 Technical Writing |
|
FOR 230 Forest Fire Management |
|
WBIO 275 Wildlife Conservation |
|
RECM 217 Wildland Recreation Management |
|
Electives and General Education |
|
Third and Fourth Years |
|
FOR 320 Forest Economics |
|
FOR 330 Forest Ecology |
3 |
FOR 347 Multiple Resource Silviculture |
3 |
FOR 360 Range Management |
3 |
FOR 385 Watershed Hydrology or FOR 455 Riparian Ecology
and Management |
3 |
FOR 422 Natural Resource Policy |
3 |
FOR 424 Social Forestry |
3 |
FOR 480 Project Design and Analysis |
3 |
FOR 489 Ethics and Management of Public Lands |
3 |
Electives and General Education |
33 |
Courses
U = for undergraduate credit only, UG = for undergraduate or
graduate credit, G = for graduate credit. R after the credit indicates
the course may be repeated for credit to the maximum indicated
after the R.
Forestry (FOR)
U 140 Introduction to Urban Forestry 2 cr. Offered
spring. An introduction to urban forestry principles and practices.
Benefits of the urban forest. Topics covered include plant species
selection, site design, site assessment, planting, watering, fertilization,
insects and diseases, pruning and tree care, inventory of property
values, and community forestry development.
U 180 Careers in Natural Resources 2 cr. Offered
autumn and spring. Same as WBIO 180 and RECM 180. Subject matter
and fields of study within natural resources management. Topics
include forestry, wildlife biology, range, water, recreation management,
forest products production, and other opportunities for careers
in natural resources.
U 195 Special Topics Variable cr. (R 6) Offered
intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors,
experimental offerings of new courses, or one time offerings of
current topics.
U 196 Independent Study Variable cr. (R 3) Offered
every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Problems course designed
to allow individual research at the undergraduate level.
U 200 Natural Resources Measurements Camp 2 cr. Offered
summer. Intensive two-week resident camp at the Lubrecht Experimental
Forest. Introduction to the common measurements and skills used
in identifying, quantifying, and understanding natural resources.
U 201 Forest Biometrics 3 cr. Offered autumn.
Prereq., MATH 117 or MATH 121 or equivalent. Applying statistics,
hypothesis testing and modeling to biological problems.
U 202 Forest Mensuration 4 cr. Offered spring.
Prereq., FOR 201. The theory and practice of timber inventory
and growth projection, including sampling procedures, statistical
methods, field procedures, and use of microcomputers to compile
inventories and simulate stand growth under specified management
prescriptions.
U 210N Introductory Soils 3 cr. Offered autumn
and spring. Prereq., CHEM 151N. An introduction to the chemical,
physical, biological and morphological properties of soils.
U 220 Technical Writing 2 cr. Offered every term.
Emphasis on strategy, style and tone in effective technical prose.
Traditions of technical writing and how to adopt a wide range
of tones and styles in writing various technical documents to
diverse audiences. Focus on more effective technical sentences,
paragraphs and larger writing components. Assignments include
analyses, summaries, employment documents, research reports, case
studies and editing/revision exercises.
U 230 Forest Fire Management 2 cr. Offered spring.
Presuppression and suppression of fire and the uses of fire in
management practices. Fire weather, the measurement of fire weather,
the factors that influence fire behavior, and fire management
decisions.
U 232 Forest Insects and Diseases 2 cr. Offered
spring. Identification, significance of and remedies for insect
infestations and infectious and non infectious diseases of forests
and forest products.
U 240N Tree Biology 2 cr. Offered autumn. Suggested
coreq., FOR 241N. The physical and biological requirements for
the growth and development of trees. Discussions of: identification,
classification, range, and economic importance of the major tree
species of North America.
U 241N Dendrology 3 cr. Offered autumn and spring.
Prereq., BIOL 120N; suggested coreq., FOR 240N. Methods and techniques
for identifying the major families of North American trees, based
on gross morphological and anatomical features. Building and use
of identification keys.
U 271N Issues in Wilderness Ecology 3 cr. Offered
spring. A study of forestry and wildlife issues which affect the
maintenance of wilderness integrity. Topics include: global climate
changes; management of wildfires, cattle grazing and noxious weeds;
game management; threatened and endangered species, including
grizzly bears, wolves, bird and fish species.
U 272 Wilderness and Civilization 3 cr. (R 6)
Offered autumn and spring. Social and cultural perspectives on
the wilderness idea and wildland practices. Course topics include
history of wilderness and the wilderness movement, various philosophical
viewpoints on wilderness, protected area management issues, and
how wilderness fits into larger landscapes and societies.
U 273 Wilderness and Civilization Field Studies 2 cr.
(R-4) Offered every term. Field instruction in wilderness
issues. Includes natural history, ecology, protected area management,
field research, sustainability, and land ethics. One-day trips
as well as extended backcountry trips. Part of the Wilderness
and Civilization program.
U 274 Yellowstone Studies 1 cr. Offered spring.
Ecological and sociopolitical perspectives on the greater Yellowstone
ecosystem. Topics include winter ecology, biodiversity conservation,
national park planning and management, winter recreation, fire,
and wildlife. Field course in the Yellowstone area.
U 275 Wildlife Conservation 2 cr. Offered spring.
Prereq., sophomore standing or consent of instr. Principles of
animal ecology and framework of wildlife administration as a basis
for the conservation of wild birds and animals, and biodiversity.
For non-wildlife biology majors.
U 280S International Wilderness Issues 3 cr. Offered
intermittently. Concepts and practices of international wildland
conservation. Effects of culture, globalization, and subsistence
on protected area design and management.
U 295 Special Topics Variable cr. (R 6) Offered
intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors;
new courses or one time offerings of current topics.
U 296 Independent Study Variable cr. (R 3) Offered
every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Individual research at
the undergraduate level.
U 303 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems 3
cr. Offered autumn. Introduction to the basic concepts
and techniques of computerized spatial data management and analysis
systems and application to natural resource assessment.
UG 307 Forest Vegetation Management Models 3 cr.
(R 6) Offered autumn. Prereq., FOR 202 or consent of instr. Hands-on
experience in applying the common simulation models used by forest
managers in forecasting the development of forest vegetation.
Includes elements of model building and evaluation.
UG 320 Forest Economics 3 cr. Offered autumn
and spring. Prereq., MATH 150; ECON 111S. Economic analysis involved
in the use and distribution of forest resources.
UG 330 Forest Ecology 3 cr. Offered autumn and
spring. Prereq., BIOL 120N or BIOL 103N, 104N; prereq. or coreq.,
FOR 210N. Examination of physical and biological factors affecting
forest structure, composition, and function, including biodiversity,
disturbance, and nutrient cycling. Field labs throughout Northern
Rockies including developing skills in field observation, data
interpretation and problem solving.
UG 331 Wildland Fuel Management 3 cr. Offered
autumn. Prereq., FOR 230 or equiv. Fire ecology, western vegetation
types; planning for prescribed use of fire; fuel management objectives
and techniques: mechanical, chemical, prescribed fire; smoke management
considerations.
UG 332 Forest Entomology 3 cr. Offered intermittently.
Prereq., FOR 232. Classification, identification, life cycles,
and control of insects which injure forests and forest products.
UG 340 Timber Harvesting and Forest Products Manufacturing
4 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., junior standing or consent
of instr. Survey of ground, cable and aerial timber harvesting
techniques and the subsequent manufacture of wood based products
from this harvest. Laboratory field trips to timber harvesting
operations and several local manufacturing facilities.
UG 342 Wood Anatomy, Properties and Identification 3 cr.
Offered spring. Prereq., BIOL 120N or FOR 240N, 241N. Lecture
and laboratory investigation of the structure, identification
and physical and mechanical properties of the commercial tree
species of North America.
UG 347 Multiple Resource Silviculture 3 cr. Offered
autumn and spring. Prereq., FOR 330 or BIOL 340 or equiv. An introduction
to the concepts and application of silvicultural techniques to
forest ecosystems to meet multiple resource objectives.
UG 351 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 3 cr.
Offered spring. Prereq., MATH 121. The theory and application
of photo and electro optical remote sensing for mapping resources
and developing information systems.
UG 360 Range Management 3 cr. Offered autumn
and spring. Prereq., junior standing or consent of instr. An introduction
to rangelands and their management, grazing influences, class
of animal, grazing capacity, control of livestock distribution,
improvements, competition and interrelationships with wildlife.
Laboratory exercises to gain on site experience on topics and
concepts presented in lectures.
U 361 Range Forage Plants 3 cr. Offered autumn.
Prereq., FOR 360 and BIOL 165N. Description, identification, forage
value and ecology of forage plants of the western United States;
important weed species, management of grazing lands, and the relationship
of ecophysiology and morphology to grazing response.
U 362 Range Livestock Production 3 cr. Offered
spring. Prereq., FOR 360 or consent of instr. An introduction
to livestock production in natural systems and the role of livestock
production in the world food situation; emphasizes selection,
production and management principles of beef cattle systems.
UG 380S Environmental Conservation 3 cr. Offered
autumn. Prereq., junior standing. The interrelationships of resource
conservation problems and programs; management and conservation
in the context of an expanding economy.
U 381 International Social and Environmental Change 3
cr. Offered spring even-numbered years. Prereq., SOC
370, FOR 210, FOR 330 recommended. Same as SOC 381. Case study
approach to developing interdisciplinary and critical perspectives
on social and environmental change. Cultural, political and economic
processes which affect and are affected by ecological change are
examined and related to sustainable development and natural resource
management.
U 382 Field Studies in International Social and Environmental
Change 3 cr. Offered spring odd-numbered years. Prereq.,
FOR 381. Same as SOC 382. Examination of social and environmental
change, its management implications through an experiential learning,
interdisciplinary field research experience.
U 385 Watershed Hydrology 3 cr. Offered autumn
and spring. An introduction to physical and biological controls
over water movement and storage in the environment, and how those
controls are affected by land management practices.
U 386 Watershed Hydrology Laboratory 1 cr. Offered
autumn and spring. Coreq., FOR 385 or consent of instr. An introduction
to basic watershed measurement and analysis techniques. Lab exercises
designed around the use of spreadsheets and computer graphics.
U 395 Special Topics Variable cr. (R 12) Offered
intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors,
experimental offerings of new courses, or one time offerings of
current topics.
U 396 Independent Study 1 3 cr. (R 10) Offered
every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Individual study or research
problems.
U 398 Cooperative Education Internship Variable cr.
(R 12) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of department. Extended
classroom experience that provides practical application of classroom
learning during placements off campus. Prior approval must be
obtained from the faculty supervisor and the Center for Work-Based
Learning.
UG 410 Soil Morphology, Genesis and Classification 3 cr.
Offered spring odd-numbered years. Prereq., FOR 210N.
The morphological characteristics of soils, how the horizons formed
and an introduction to the Soil Taxonomy classification system
used in this country. Field trips will be included.
UG 422 Natural Resources Policy and Administration 3 cr.
Offered autumn and spring. Policy formation in the United States
and a survey of the major resource policies interpreted in their
historical and political contexts.
U 423 Montana Wilderness Policy and Politics 2 cr.
Examination of congressional legislative processes and congressional
efforts concerning wilderness and roadless public lands management,
particularly in Montana. Consideration of economic, social and
political factors affecting how congress and the executive branch
determine the fate of roadless lands.
UG 424 Social Forestry 3 cr. Offered spring even-numbered
years. Same as SOC 424. A review of agroforestry, community forestry,
and opportunities and constraints to the use of trees in rural
development and protected areas management.
UG 441 Timber Management 3 cr. Offered autumn.
Prereq., FOR 320, 347. Management of forest stands for timber
production, including review of factors influencing physical and
value growth; use of growth and yield projections; economic evaluation
of alternative stand management strategies; classical forest regulation;
fundamentals of timber harvest scheduling; stumpage appraisal
and timber sales.
UG 442 Technical Processing of Wood Products 5 cr.
Offered spring. Prereq., FOR 340 and 342. Lecture, discussion,
laboratory manufacture, and evaluation of solid and composite
wood products. Exercises include lumber manufacture and drying
at School's sawmill; plywood, laminated beam manufacture and strength
testing; particle board and flakeboard manufacture and testing.
UG 447 Advanced Silviculture 3 cr. Offered autumn.
Prereq., FOR 347. Examination of silvicultural topics such as
regeneration practices, thinning/stand density concepts, and silvicultural
systems at an advanced level.
UG 455 Riparian Ecology and Management 3 cr. Offered
autumn. Coreq. or prereq., FOR 385 and one introductory ecology
course or consent of instr.. Importance of riparian/wetland areas
and the complexities associated with their management for short
and long term benefits.
UG 460 Range Inventory and Analysis 3 cr. Offered
autumn. Prereq., FOR 360 and one course in statistics. Methods
of measuring range and shrub land vegetation at individual and
community level for determining plant composition, changes following
treatments, and carrying capacity of range livestock and native
ungulates.
UG 461 Animal Nutrition 3 cr. Offered spring.
Prereq., FOR 360 or consent of instr. Elements of animal nutrition,
physiology of ruminant nutrition, nutritional characteristics
of forage plants related to nutrition requirements of livestock
and wildlife, and nutritional strategies of free roaming animals.
UG 462 Range Ecology 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq.,
FOR 360 and one course in plant ecology. Applied ecology of rangeland
uses by various biota, synecological response to grazing, fire,
herbicides, fertilizers and mechanical treatments, structural
and functional responses of grassland systems to disturbance.
UG 463 Range Improvement 3 cr. Offered autumn.
Prereq., FOR 360. Methods of improving rangelands, including grazing
systems, control of weeds, controlled burning, seeding, fertilization
and mechanical soil treatments.
UG 465 Restoration Ecology 3 cr. Offered spring.
Prereq., senior standing and a course in forest ecology or plant
ecology. Philosophy and practice of restoring damaged ecosystems.
Restoration planning including improvement of degraded soils,
site preparation for revegetation, and case studies.
U 471 Natural Resource Management Core Behaviors 3 cr.
Offered intermittently. Development of basic skills in communication,
decision-making, evaluation, and conflict resolution using examples
from the natural resources arena.
U 472 Building Knowledge on an Integrative Theme 3 cr.
Offered intermittently. Interdisciplinary learning combining
the arts, humanities, and sciences around a given theme. Possible
themes include living with fire, water in the American west, growth
property and land use, hunting and subsistence, forest communities.
UG 473 Collaboration in Natural Resources Decisions 3
cr. Offered intermittently. Same as EVST 473. Political
and social processes affecting natural resource decisions. Examination
of cases of multi-party collaboration in forestry, range, and
watershed management issues.
U 478 Montana Community Analysis 3 cr. Offered
intermittently. Conducting community-based assessments. Combining
history, culture, economics, demographics, and ecology to create
integrated profiles of communities to identify trends affecting
current community development.
U 479 Nature and Democracy Synthesis 2 cr. Offered
intermittently. In-depth evaluation of community/forest relationships
as a follow-up to student internships.
UG 480 Forest and Rangeland Area Planning and Design 3
cr. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., senior standing,
WBIO 370, RECM 310, FOR 347 or FOR 360; senior or graduate standing;
or consent of instr. A multidisciplinary planning team approach
to developing detailed, site specific resource management planning
for units of forest and rangeland at the area or watershed level.
Includes use of geographic information systems, computer modelling,
and linear programming.
UG 481 Forest Planning 3 cr. Offered spring.
Prereq., FOR 422 or consent of instr. Integrated multiple use
planning at the forest wide level: defining multi resource management
goals, generating management alternatives, projecting outcomes,
assessing environmental impacts, and implementing preferred option.
UG 485 Watershed Management 3 cr. Offered autumn.
Prereq., FOR 385 or consent of instr. Effects of land management
practices on water and sediment yields from wildland watersheds.
Introduction to statistical methods in hydrology. Introduction
to water yield and sediment modeling techniques.
UG 489E Ethics and the Management of Public Lands 3 cr.
Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., lower division course
in Perspective 5 or consent of instr.; senior standing. Theoretical
and practical ethical issues affecting the management of natural
resources in national forests and on other public lands.
UG 495 Special Topics Variable cr. (R 12) Offered
intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors,
experimental offerings of new courses, or one time offerings of
current topics.
U 496 Independent Study 1 3 cr. (R 10) Offered
every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Individual study or research
problems.
U 497 Senior Thesis 3 cr. Offered autumn and
spring. Prereq., senior standing and consent of instr. Preparation
of a major paper based on study or research in a field selected
according to the needs and objectives of the student.
UG 498 Cooperative Education Internship Variable cr. (R
15) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Extended classroom
experience which provides practical application of classroom learning
during placements off campus. Prior approval must be obtained
from faculty advisor and Center for Work-Based Learning.
G 500 Forest Growth and Yield 3 cr. Offered spring.
Prereq., FOR 202 or consent of instr. Offered alternate years.
Theory and methods for projecting quantitative measures of tree
and stand growth over time; includes analysis of computer growth
and yield models used in the region.
G 501 Research Methods 3 cr. Offered autumn.
Prereq., a course in statistics or consent of instr. The nature
of scientific research, planning research projects, organization
and presentation of research results. Emphasis on the development
of study plans for specific research projects.
G 503 GIS: Methods and Applications I 3 cr. Offered
autumn. Prereq., consent of instr. General principles of geographic
information systems. Instruction and lab use of specific software
packages used for management decision making in natural resources
management. Students have hands on experience in digitizing, mapping,
spatial analysis and data base creation.
G 504 GIS: Methods and Applications II 3 cr.
Offered spring. Prereq., FOR 503. Continuation of 503.
UG 505 Sampling Methods 3 cr. Offered spring.
Prereq., FOR 201 or equiv.; consent of instr. Definitions, sampling
with and without replacement, equal and unequal probability sampling,
sample size and allocation, estimates and their variances, simple
random sampling, stratification, double sampling, two stage sampling,
PPS and 3P sampling uses and precision.
G 508 Modeling Forest Dynamics 3 cr. Offered
autumn odd-numbered years. Prereq., FOR 500 and some experience
with statistical methods and a programming language. Introduction
to the construction of simulation models for forecasting change
in forest vegetation. Survey of alternative modeling approaches
followed by construction of a simulator. Includes specification
of conceptual model, statistical analysis of data, and programming
a working simulator.
G 511 Soil Chemistry 3 cr. Offered spring odd-numbered
years. Prereq., FOR 210N, 330. A series of lectures on soil chemistry
in the beginning of the semester, emphasizing water and nutrient
movement, followed by a series of laboratory and lecture classes
on soil chemistry, emphasizing data interpretation and problem
solving.
G 520 Forest Resource Economics 3 cr. Offered
autumn. Prereq., FOR 320 or equiv., an upper division or graduate
level course in microeconomics, and consent of instr. The demand
for, and supply of, commodity products from the forest, including
characteristics of demand for stumpage, logs and processed products,
forest management and harvesting decisions, and the supply of
stumpage, intermediate and processed products.
G 524 Resource Policy and Administration Seminar 3 cr.
Offered spring even-numbered years. Prereq., graduate standing
or consent of instr. Theory and practice of environmental dispute
resolution.
G 530 Forest Meteorology 3 cr. Offered autumn
odd-numbered years. Prereq., graduate standing or consent of instr.
A brief introduction to synoptic and mesoscale meteorology, followed
by more intense study of physics in the forest environment: transfers
of heat, light and momentum and their influences on plant structure,
function, productivity and survival.
G 532 Forest Ecosystem Analysis 3 cr. Offered
autumn. Prereq., FOR 330 or equiv. Current research on important
processes in forest ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient
cycles, with emphasis on recent computer simulation models.
G 533 Use of Fire in Wildland Management 3 cr. Offered
autumn even-numbered years. Prereq., consent of instr. Western
fire ecology and the planned use of fire. Wildlife, range and
forestry applications of prescribed fire. Seminars and discussions;
research applications.
G 545 Silviculture Research 1 cr. (R-6) Offered
intermittently. Prereq., graduate standing and consent of instr.;
prereq. or coreq., FOR 347 or equiv. Reading and discussion of
scientific literature related to silvicultural practice and science.
Different topic each semester. Students become familiar with silviculture
literature, develop skills for scrutinizing scientific literature,
and examine silvicultural topics in detail.
G 547 Forest Vegetation Dynamics 3 cr. Offered
autumn. Prereq., consent of instr. Role of disturbances, plant
interactions, tree architecture, and structure on forest stand
development. Laboratory provides experience with vegetation development
reconstruction. Discusses even aged, uneven aged, single and mixed
species stand development as well as landscape linkages.
G 548 Forest Stand Dynamics and Culture 1 cr. Offered
intermittently. Prereq., FOR 347 or equiv. One-week continuing
education course designed to present emerging concepts in stand
dynamics and stand culture to practicing silviculturists. Topics
include even- and uneven-aged stand dynamics and density control,
fire management, fertilization, and stand health.
G 551 Digital Image Processing 4 cr. Offered
autumn even-numbered years. Prereq., FOR 351 or equiv. and consent
of instr. Fundamentals of electro-optical digital remote sensors,
data compilation, preprocessing, and pattern recognition.
G 571 International Resource Management 3 cr. Offered
spring. Prereq., enrollment in Peace Corps Masters Program or
intention of working in international resource management. Critical
review of selected natural resource development, conservation
and management approaches and experiences in developing societies.
G 582 Tropical Forest Management 3 cr. Offered
spring. Prereq., graduate standing or consent of instr. Introduction
to the ecology, use, management and conservation of moist tropical
forests with an emphasis on Southeast Asia.
G 586 Snow Hydrology 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq.,
graduate standing or consent of instr. The physics of snow formation,
distribution and ablation. Snow and forest management in the subalpine
zone.
G 594 Graduate Seminar in Forestry 1 cr. (R 3)
Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., graduate standing. Presentation
by students, staff and visitors of issues and topics in their
fields.
G 595 Special Topics Variable cr. (R 12) Offered
intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors,
experimental offerings of new courses, or one time offerings of
current topics.
G 596 Independent Study 1 3 cr. (R 10) Offered
every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Individual study or research
problems.
G 598 Cooperative Education Experience Variable cr.
(R-15) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Extended
classroom experience which provides practical application of classroom
learning during placements off campus. Prior approval must be
obtained from the faculty supervisor and the Center for Work-Based
Learning.
G 599 Professional Paper Variable cr. (R 15)
Offered autumn and spring. Preparation of Master of Ecosystem
Management professional paper.
G 697 Graduate Research Variable cr. (R 15) Offered
every term. Independent graduate research in forest management,
wood science, soils, wildlife management, silviculture, recreation
and other topic areas.
G 699 Thesis Variable cr. (R 15) Offered every
term. Preparation of thesis/dissertation.
Nature
and Democracy
James Burchfield (Associate Professor), Director, Bolle
Center for People and Forests
The Bolle Center for People and Forests was established on the
campus of The University of Montana in Missoula in 1994. Its mission
is to provide “interdisciplinary education, research, and
community service to advance knowledge of the relationships between
forests and people with the goal of ensuring the continued diversity,
productivity, and beauty of forests through the healthful coexistence
with human communities.” The strategic plan of the Bolle
Center identifies the development of a new, interdisciplinary
curriculum as a major programmatic response to fulfill the mission
of the Center. The curriculum for the minor, Nature and Democracy,
combines understanding of cultural, political, and ecological
contexts surrounding natural-resource issues with basic skills
to participate in conflict-laden decision-making processes. This
curriculum enriches research and learning opportunities for students,
faculty, and residents of the region. Its goal is to develop effective
professional participants in the public affairs surrounding natural
resources decisions. The Nature and Democracy curriculum examines
the effects of people, places and processes on natural resources
management, advancing toward the objective of interdisciplinary
education.
The Nature and Democracy minor provides a semester-based course
format with specialized training modules and community-level problem-solving
experiences. Although presented as a package which provides an
academic minor to upper-level undergraduate students, it is also
an open-ended, regional resource for learning among all interested
parties. Course offerings allow academic credit for graduate students,
and outreach mechanisms incorporated into the design promote distance
learning. The curriculum offers opportunities for interaction
between students and residents of rural communities, providing
valuable contacts for post-academic endeavors.
Admission to the minor: Students are required to apply for admission
to the Nature and Democracy minor. Applications and information
are available from the Bolle Center for People and Forests, Science
Complex 465. Upper-level undergraduates and graduate students
from all departments are eligible with 18-24 students accepted
annually.
Prerequisites: An academic foundation in natural
science, humanities, and social sciences is necessary for students
entering the minor. Undergraduate students are required to have
at least two courses relevant to understanding biophysical functions
and processes (available within the natural science perspective
of General Education Requirements), at least one course in introductory
economics, and at least two preparatory courses in the social
sciences and humanities. Transfer students may apply relevant
courses at other institutions to fulfill these requirements. The
adequacy of the specific courses will be determined by the Bolle
Center Director, who serves as advisor for only the academic minor
for each student enrolled in the Nature and Democracy minor.
Requirements for a Minor
To earn a minor in Nature and Democracy the student must complete
successfully 24 credits including:
FOR/HFD 471 Natural Resource Managment Core Behaviors 3
FOR 472 Building Knowledge on an Integrative Theme 3
FOR/EVST 473 Collaboration in Natural Resources Decisions 3
FOR 478 Montana Community Analysis 3
FOR 479 Nature and Democracy Synthesis 2
One 3-credit ecology course 3
From BIOL 121N; FOR 330, 462; other 300-level course in BIOL or
WBIO
One 3-credit natural resources management course 3
From FOR 271, 275, 296, 360, 441, 455; RECM 217; WBIO 370
One 4-credit internship 4
(Must be fulfilled prior to enrollment in final semester.
Placement, supervision, and evaluation will be responsibility
of the Bolle Center director.)