Bachelor of Science in Forestry

Forest Resources Management Emphasis

In addition to special degree requirements listed previously, the students selecting the Forest Resources Management emphasis must complete the following required courses or their equivalent, if transferred from another college or university. Transference and equivalency will be determined by the University and School of Forestry. Electives may be taken at any time, keeping in mind these requirements as well as the University's General Education requirements for graduation.

First Year	Credits
Biol 120N General Botany	3
Chem 151N General Chemistry	3
Comm 111A Introduction to Public Speaking	2
Econ 111S Introduction to Microeconomics	3
Enex 101 Composition	3
Math 121 Pre-Calculus	4
Math 150 Applied Calculus	4
Electives & General Education	7-3

Second Year	Credits
For 201 Forest Biometrics	3
For 220 Technical Writing	3
For 210N Introductory Soils	3
For 230 Forest Fire Management	2
For 232 Forest Insects and Diseases	2
For 240N Tree Biology	3
For 241N Dendrology	2
For 202 Mensuration	4
Electives & General Education	8-14

Third & Fourth Years
For 320, 330, 340, 347, 351, 360, 422, 441, 480, 481, 485; Recm 310; WBio 370

Range Resources Management Emphasis

In addition to special degree requirements listed previously, s tudents electing the range resources management emphasis must complete the following required courses, or their equivalent if transferred from another college or university. Transference and equivalency will be determined by the University and School of Forestry. Electives may be taken at appropriate times, keeping in mind these requirements as well as the University's General Education requirements for graduation.

First Year	Credits
Biol 120N General Botany	3
Chem 151N General Chemistry	3
Comm 111A Introduction to Public Speaking	2
Econ 111S Introduction to Microeconomics	3
Enex 101 Composition	3
Geog 102N Introduction to Physical Geography	3
Math 121 Pre-Calculus	4
Math 150 Applied Calculus	4
Electives & General Education	6-12

Second Year	Credits
Biol 165N Rocky Mountain Flora	3
Biol 344 Plant Physiology	4
For 201 Forest Biometrics	3
For 210N Introductory Soils	3
For 220 Technical Writing	3
For 230 Forest Fire Management	2
Electives and General Education	10-16

Third & Fourth Years
330, 351, 360, 361, 362, 410, 460, 461, 462, 463, 467, 480, 485; WBio 370

Bachelor of Science in Resource Conservation

In addition to special degree requirements listed previously, students selecting the Bachelor of Science in Resource Conservation should contact their advisors to approve curriculum. In addition, the student, with advice and consent of his or her advisor from the School of Forestry, should design a curriculum addressing their specific needs. Any deviations from the program can be made only with the advice and consent of the student's faculty advisor.

Example of possible program in Resource Conservation:

First Year	Credits
Biol 120N General Botany	3
Chem 151N General Chemistry	3
Comm 111A Introduction to Public Speaking	2
Enex 101 Composition	3
Math 121 Pre-Calculus	4
Electives and General Education	13-18

Second Year	Credits
Econ 111S Introductory Microeconomics	3
Econ 112S Introductory Macroeconomics	3
PSc 100S Introduction to American Government	3
For 210N Introductory Soils	3
For 220 Technical Writing	3
Electives and General Education	18-22

Third & Fourth Years
(minimum of 30 credits at the 300-level or above; and at least two 400-level or above to include For 422)

Courses

U = for undergraduate credit only, UG = for undergraduate or graduate credit, G = for graduate credit. R after the credit indicates the course may be repeated for credit to the maximum indicated after the R.

U 140 Introduction to Urban Forestry 2 cr. Offered spring. An introduction to urban forestry principles and practices. Benefits of the urban forest. Topics covered include plant species selection, site design, site assessment, planting, watering, fertilization, insects and diseases, pruning and tree care, inventory of property values, and community forestry development.

U 180 Careers in Natural Resources 2 cr. Offered autumn and spring. Same as WBio 180 and Recm 180. Subject matter and fields of study within natural resources management. Topics include forestry, wildlife biology, range, water, recreation management, forest products production, and other opportunities for careers in natural resources.

U 195 Special Topics Variable cr. (R-6) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

U 196 Independent Study Variable cr. (R-3) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Problems course designed to allow individual research at the undergraduate level.

U 201 Forest Biometrics 4 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., Math 117 or Math 121 or equivalent. Applying statistics, hypothesis-testing and computer programming to biological problems.

UG 202 Forest Mensuration 4 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., For 201. The theory and practice of timber inventory and growth projection, including sampling procedures, statistical methods, field procedures, and use of microcomputers to compile inventories and simulate stand growth under specified management prescriptions.

U 210N Introductory Soils 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., Chem 151N. An introduction to the chemical, physical, biological and morphological properties of soils.

U 220 Technical Writing 3 cr. Offered every term. Stresses principles of effective technical writing, primarily clarity and conciseness. Short writing assignments are critiqued for grammar, sentence structure, organization and work economy. Emphasizes self-editing as a means of improving writing and discusses problems of literature citation.

U 230 Forest Fire Management 2 cr. Offered spring. Presuppression and suppression of fire and the uses of fire in management practices. Fire weather, the measurement of fire weathr, the factors that influence fire behavior, and fire management decisions.

U 232 Forest Insects and Diseases 2 cr. Offered spring. Identification, significance of and remedies for insect infestations and infectious and non-infectious diseases of forests and forest products.

U 240N Tree Biology 3 cr. Offered autumn. Suggested coreq., For 241N. The physical and biological requirements for the growth and development of trees. Discussions of: identification, classification, range, and economic importance of the major tree species of North America.

U 241N Dendrology 2 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., Biol 120N; suggested coreq., For 240N. Methods and techniques for identifying the major families of North American trees, based on gross morphological and anatomical features. Building and use of identification keys.

U 250 Plane Surveying in Resource Data Systems 3 cr. Offered intermittently. Prereq., Math 121. Principles, field techniques and applications of plane surveying.

U 270 Wildlife Management Issues 2 cr. Offered autumn. Same as WBio 270. An exploration of wildlife conservation issues and problems facing wildlife managers; suggestions for solution.

U 271N Issues in Wilderness Ecology 3 cr. Offered spring. A study of forestry and wildlife issues which affect the maintenance of wilderness integrity. Topics include: global climate changes; management of wildfires, cattle grazing and noxious weeds; game management; threatened and endangered species, including grizzly bears, wolves, bird and fish species.

U 272 Wilderness and Civilization 3 cr. (R-6) Offered spring. Core course in the Wilderness and Civilization Program. Includes field instruction in wilderness resources and orienteering, participation in wilderness issues, and study and discussion of wilderness in Montana and in society as a whole.

U 280S Perspectives in Environmental Management 3 cr. Offered intermittently. Study of how western people and people of other cultures have managed forest lands and other wildlands, both past and present. Includes discussion of philosophies of natural resource use, and legal, social, economic, political and ecological constraints on resource policy.

U 295 Special Topics Variable cr. (R-6) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors; new courses or one-time offerings of current topics.

U 296 Independent Study Variable cr. (R-3) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Individual research at the undergraduate level.

U 303 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems 3 cr. Offered autumn. Introduction to the basic concepts and techniques of computerized spatial data managment and analysis systems and application to natural resource assessment.

UG 304 Conservation of Natural and Human Resources in Montana 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., consent of instr. Same as EVST 304. Conservation in Montana; environmental problems such as air pollution, water pollution, mining impacts and resource management of wildlands, timberlands, and wildlife.

UG 307 Computer Modeling in the Natural Sciences 3 cr. (R-6) Offered autumn. The construction and analysis of computer models or simulations of processes, systems and populations in the natural sciences. A project-oriented course.

UG 310 Soil Physics 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., For 210. The physical and mechanical properties of soils with special emphasis on the role of water in influencing those properties. A lab will accompany the course.

UG 320 Forest Economics 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., Math 150; Econ 111S. Economic analysis involved in the use and distribution of forest resources.

UG 330 Forest Ecology 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., Biol 120N or Biol 103N, 104N; prereq., or coreq., For 210N. Examination of the processes and variation of forests with field labs at Lubrecht in the months of April and May; interpretive ecology and development of skills in observation, taxonomy, measurement, data interpretation and problem solving.

UG 331 Wildland Fuel Management 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., For 230 or equiv. Fire ecology, western vegetation types; planning for prescribed use of fire; fuel management objectives and techniques: mechanical, chemical, prescribed fire; smoke management considerations.

UG 332 Forest Entomology 3 cr. Offered intermittently. Prereq., For 232. Classification, identification, life cycles, ad control of insects which injure forests and forestproducts.

UG 340 Timber Harvesting and Forest Products Manufacturing 4 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., junior standing or consent of instr. Survey of ground, cable and aerial timber harvesting techniques and the subsequent manufacture of wood-based products from this harvest. Laboratory field trips to timber harvesting operations and several local manufacturing facilities.

UG 342 Wood Anatomy, Properties and Identification 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., Biol 120N or For 240N, 241N. Lecture and laboratory investigation of the structure, identification and physical and mechanical properties of the commercial tree species of North America.

UG 347 Multiple Resource Silviculture 3 cr. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., For 330 or Biol 340 or equiv. An introduction to the concepts and application of silvicultural techniques to forest ecosystems to meet multiple resource objectives.

UG 351 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., Math 121, For 250. The theory and application of photo- and electro-optical remote sensing for mapping resources and developing information systems.

UG 360 Range Management 3 cr. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., junior standing or consent of instr. An introduction to rangelands and their management, grazing influences, class of animal, grazing capacity, control of livestock distribution, improvements, competition and interrelationships with wildlife. Laboratory exercises to gain on-site experience on topics and concepts presented in lectures.

U 361 Range Forage Plants 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., For 360 and Biol 165N. Description, identification, forage value and ecology of forage plants of the western United States; important weed species, management of grazing lands, and the relationship of ecophysiology and morphology to grazing response.

U 362 Range Livestock Production 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., For 360 or consent of instr. An introduction to livestock production in natural systems and the role of livestock production in the world food situation; emphasizes selection, production and management principles of beef cattle systems.

UG 372 Wildlife Administration, Enforcement and Biopolitics 3 cr. Offered autumn. Overview of the laws affecting wildlife and how those laws are initiated, implemented, and enforced; impact of politics, interest groups, and agency jurisdictions.

UG 380S Environmental Conservation 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., junior standing. The interrelationships of resource conservation problems and programs; management and conservation in the context of an expanding economy.

U 381 International Conservation and Development 3 cr. Offered autumn even-numbered years. An examination of various perspectives and approaches to conservation and sustainable development with an emphasis on developing countries in the tropics; review of the major biophysical and socioeconomic factors that affect tropical conservation and development efforts.

UG 389 Riparian/Wetland Management 3 cr. Offered autumn. Coreq. or prereq., one introductory ecology course. Importance of riparian/wetland areas and the complexities associated with their management for short and long term benefits.

U 395 Special Topics Variable cr. (R-12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

U 396 Independent Study 1-3 cr. (R-10) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Individual study or research problems.

U 398 Cooperative Education Internship Variable cr. (R-12) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of department. Extended classroom experience that provides practical application of classroom learning during placements off campus. Prior approval must be obtained from the faculty supervisor and the Cooperative Education Office.

UG 410 Soil Morphology, Genesis and Classification 3 cr. Offered spring odd-numbered years. Prereq., For 10N. The morphological characteristics of soils, how the horizons formed and an introduction to the Soil Taxonomy classification system used in this country. Field trips will be included.

UG 420 Forest Resource Valuation 3 cr. Offered intermittently. Prereq., For 320 or Eon 311 or Econ 340.. Economic trade-offs in forest use. Valuation of forest non-commodity services. Role of markets and government in allocation of forest resources to conflicting uses.

UG 422 Natural Resources Policy and Administration 3 cr. Offered autumn and spring. Policy formation in the United States and a survey of the major resource policies interpreted in their historical and political contexts.

UG 423 Natural Resources Law 3 cr. Offered intermittently. Prereq., senior standing. Survey of the structure of the American legal system with emphasis on the principles of law relevant to natural resource management.

UG 424 Social Forestry 3 cr. Offered spring odd-numbered years. Same as Soc 424. A review of agroforestry, community forestry, and opportunities and constraints to the use of trees in rural development and protected areas management.

UG 431 Forest Habitat Typing and Management Implications 3 cr. Offered intermittently. Prereq., For 330 or Biol 355. Habitat typing and ecological classification used as a forest management tool in the northern Rocky Mountains.

UG 432 Advanced Fire Weather 4 cr. Offered autumn even-numbered years. Prereq., For 230. The study of mesoscale and synoptic meteorological influences on fire behavior, danger and climate in the northern Rocky Mountains.

UG 441 Timber Management 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., For 320, 347. Management of forest stands for timber production, including review of factors influencing physical and value growth; use of growth and yield projections; economic evaluation of alternative stand management strategies; classical forest regulation; fundamentals of timber harvest scheduling; stumpage appraisal and timber sales.

UG 442 Technical Processing of Wood Products 5 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., For 340 and 342. Lecture, discussion, laboratory manufacture, and evaluation of solid and composite wood products. Exercises include lumber manufacture and drying at School's sawmill; plywood, laminated beam manufacture and strength testing; particle board and flakeboard manufacture and testing.

UG 447 Advanced Silviculture 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., For 347. Examination of silvicultural topics such as regeneration practices, thinning/stand density concepts, and silvicultural systems at an advanced level.

UG 450 Advanced Aerial Photogrammetry 3 cr. Offered intermittently. Prereq., For 351. Aerial photogrammetric methods in map construction and compilation, resource inventories and forest engineering.

UG 451 Remote Sensing in Resource Management 3 cr. Offered intermittently. Prereq., For 351. Imaging systems, multi-band and multi-spectral imaging, image analysis for resource information and evaluation.

UG 460 Range Inventory and Analysis 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., For 360 and one course in statistics. Methods of measuring range and shrub-land vegetation at individual and community level for determining plant composition, changes following treatments, and carrying capacity of range livestock and native ungulates.

UG 461 Animal Nutrition 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., For 360 or consent of instr. Elements of animal nutrition, physiology of ruminant nutrition, nutritional characteristics of forage plants related to nutrition requirements of livestock and wildlife, and nutritional strategies of free-roaming animals.

UG 462 Range Ecology 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., For 360 and one course in plant ecology. Applied ecology of rangeland uses by various biota, synecological response to grazing, fire, herbicides, fertilizers and mechanical treatments, structural and functional responses of grassland systems to disturbance.

UG 463 Range Improvement 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., For 360. Methods of improving rangelands, including grazing systems, control of weeds, controlled burning, seeding, fertilization and mechanical soil treatments.

UG 467 Rangeland Planning 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., For 460, 462, 463. Development of a detailed management plan for a specified land unit. Field problem in planning, inventory, analysis, allocation and management.

UG 480 Forest and Rangeland Area Planning and Design 3 cr. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., senior standing, WBio 370, Recm 310, For 347 or For 360; senior or graduate standing; or consent of instr. A multidisciplinary planning team approachs to developing detailed, site-specific resource management planning for units of forest and rangeland at the area or watershed level. Includes use of geographic information systems, computer modelling, and linear programming.

UG 481 Forest Planning 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., For 422 or consent of instr. Integrated multiple use planning at the forest-wide level: defining multi-resource management goals, generating management alternatives, projecting outcomes, assessing environmental impacts, and implementing preferred option.

UG 485 Watershed Management 3 cr. Offered autumn and spring. An introduction to physical and biological controls over water movement and storage in the environment, and how those controls are affected by land management practices.

UG 486 Forest Hydrology Laboratory 1 cr. Offered autumn and spring. Coreq., For 485 or consent of instr. An introduction to basic watershed measurement and analysis techniques. Lab exercises designed around the use of spreadsheets and computer graphics.

UG 489E Ethics and the Management of Public Lands 3 cr. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., lower-division course in Perspective 5 or consent of instr.; senior standing. Theoretical and practical ethical issues affecting the management of natural resources in national forests and on other public lands.

UG 495 Special Topics Variable cr. (R-12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

U 496 Independent Study 1-3 cr. (R-10) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Individual study or research problems.

U 497 Senior Thesis 3c r. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., senior standing and consent of instr. Preparation of a major paper based on study or research in a field selected according to the needs and objectives of the student.

UG 498 Cooperative Education Internship Variable cr. (R-15) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Extended classroom experience which provides practical application of classroom learning during placements off-campus. Prior approval must be obtained from faculty advisor and Cooperative Education Office.

G 500 Forest Growth and Yield 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., For 202 or consent of instr. Offered alternate years. Theory and methods for projecting quantitative measures of tree and stand growth over time; includes analysis of computer growth and yield models used in the region.

G 501 Research Methods 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., a course in statistics or consent of instr. The nature of scientific research, planning research projects, organization and presentation of research results. Emphasis on the development of study plans for specific research projects.

G 502 Advanced Research Methods 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., For 501 or equiv. The use and analysis of advanced statistical procedures related to natural resources research.

G 503 GIS: Methods and Applications I 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., consent of instr. General principles of geographic information systems. Instruction and lab use of specific software packages used for management decision-making in natural resources management. Students have hands-on experience in digitizing, mapping, spatial analysis and data-base creation.

G 504 GIS: Methods and Applications II 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., For 503. Continuation of 503.

UG 505 Sampling Methods 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., For 201 or equiv.; consent of instr. Definitions, sampling with and without replacement, equal and unequal probability sampling, sample size and allocation, estimates and their variances, simpe random sampling, stratification, doubling sampling, two-stage sampling, PPS and 3P sampling uses and precision.

G 511 Soil Chemistry 3 cr. Offered spring odd-numbered years. Prereq., For 210N, 330. A series of lectures on soil chemistry in the beginning of the semester, emphasizing water and nutrient movement, followed by a series of laboratory and lecture classes on soil chemistry, emphasizing data interpretation and problem solving.

G 520 Forest Resource Economics I 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., For 320 or equiv., an upper-division or graduate level course in microeconomics, and consent of instr. The demand for, and supply of, commodity products from the forest, including characteristics of demand for stumpage, logs and processed products, forest management and harvesting decisions, and the supply of stumpage, intermediate and processed products.

G 523 Forest Resource Economics II 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., For 320 or equiv., an upper-division or graduate level course in microeconomics, and consent of instr. Demand, supply and valuation of amenity and non-commodity service from the forest; economic theories of the behavior of private and public forest owners; property rights theory as an approach to understanding externalities.

G 524 Resource Policy and Administration Seminar 4 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., graduate standing or consent of instr. Theory and practice of environmental dispute resolution.

G 530 Forest Meteorology 3 cr. Offered autumn odd-numbered years. Prereq., graduate standing or consent of instr. A brief introduction to synoptic and mesoscale meteorology, followed by more intense study of physics in the forest environment: transfers of heat, light and momentum and their influences on plant structure, function, productivity and survival.

G 532 Forest Ecosystem Analysis 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., For 330 or equiv. Current research on important processes in forest ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient cycles, with emphasis on recent computer simulation models.

G 533 Use of Fire in Wildland Management 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., consent of instr. Western fire ecology and the planned use of fire. Wildlife, range and forestry applications of prescribed fire. Seminars and discussions; research applications.

G 544 Issues in Silviculture Seminar 1 cr. (R-3) Offered spring. Prereq., consent of instr. Seminar series on selected current issues related to silviculture.

G 547 Forest Vegetation Dynamics 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., consent of instr. Role of disturbances, plant interactions, tree architecture, and structure on forest stand development. Laboratory provides experience with vegetation development reconstruction. Discusses even-aged, uneven-aged, single- and mixed-species stand development as well as landscape linkages.

G 551 Digital Image Processing 4 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., For 351 or equiv. and consent of instr. Fundamentals of electro-optical digital remote sensors, data compilation, preprocessing, and pattern recognition.

G 571 International Resource Management 3 cr. Offered spring odd-numbered years. Prereq., enrollment in Peace Corps Masters Program or intention of working in intermational resource management. Critical review of selected natural resource development, conservation and management approaches and experiences in developing societies.

G 582 Tropical Forest Management 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., graduate standing or consent of instr. Introduction to the ecology, use, management and conservation of moist tropical forests with an emphasis on Southeast Asia.

UG 585 Advanced Watershed Management 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., For 485 or consent of instr. Effects of land management practices on water and sediment yields from wildland watersheds. Introduction to statistical methods in hydrology. Introduction to water yield and sediment modeling techniques.

G 586 Snow Hydrology 2 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., graduate standing or consent of instr. The physics of snow formation, distribution and ablation. Snow and forest management in the subalpine zone.

G 594 Graduate Seminar in Forestry 1 cr. (R-3) Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., graduate standing. Presentation by students, staff and visitors of issues and topics in their fields.

G 595 Special Topics Variable cr. (R-12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

G 596 Independent Study 1-3 cr. (R-10) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Individual study or research problems.

G 598 Cooperative Education Experience Variable cr. (R-15) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Extended classroom experience which provides practical application of classroom learning during placements off campus. Prior approval must be obtained from the faculty supervisor and the Cooperative Education Office.

G 599 Professional Paper Variable cr. (R-15) Offered autumn and spring. Preparation of Master of Ecosystem Management professional paper.

G 697 Graduate Research Variable cr. (R-15) Offered every term. Independent graduate research in forest management, wood science, soils, wildlife management, silviculture, recreation and other topic areas.

G 699 Thesis Variable cr. (R-15) Offered every term. Preparation of thesis/dissertation.

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