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| Department of Geography Paul B. Wilson, Chair Geography aims to provide a broad-ranging perspective on humans as inhabitants and transformers of the face of the earth. The search for this understanding involves thorough study of the physical earth, its habitation by humans, and the resulting diversity of regions and places. Geographers study the physical earth by examining the interlocking systems of the natural environment, including climate, landforms, soils, and biota. Humans are studied by examining those diverse historical, cultural, social, economic, and political structures and processes which affect the location and spatial organization of population groups and their activities. Regions and places, whether described as nations, cities, ecological units, or landscapes, are studied by integrating and interpreting their physical and human relationships in an effort to better understand them and the problems they face. Geographers are often found working in business, industry, government, planning and teaching. Their tasks may range from determining the optimal location for a new supermarket to doing the biophysical and socioeconomic studies required for urban and regional planning. Geographers trained in cartography may find professional opportunities in the various aspects of making and communicating with maps. The branches of geography, which correspond more or less to the geography courses listed in this catalog, tend to fall into these groupings: (1) human geography--cultural, economic and urban; (2) physical geography--climatology, hydrogeography, geomorphology, and biogeography; (3) regional geography--studies of regions or territories, such as East Asia, Pacific Northwest, and Montana; (4) geographic concepts, methods, and techniques--historical geography, map and air photo interpretation, cartography, quantitative spatial analysis, field techniques and geographical research methods. The Department of Geography offers the Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees in geography. Also offered are a minor in geography, a teaching major and minor in geography, and options in cartography and rural, town and regional planning. The bachelor degree program provides a broad liberal education; it qualifies graduates for a variety of professional jobs; and it prepares students who excel for graduate studies in geography, cartography, planning, or related fields. The Master of Arts program prepares the candidates for somewhat greater range of employment, including teaching in community and junior colleges, and for doctoral studies in geography and allied disciplines. In addition to a general degree in geography without emphasis, students may elect one of two options within the Master of Arts program--cartography or rural, town and regional planning. See the graduate catalog for more information concerning the M.A. program. Special Degree Requirements Refer to graduation requirements listed previously in the catalog. See index. Requirements in Geography A minimum of 37 credits in geography (maximum 47), including the following:
With the approval of the student's advisor, other courses deemed relevant may be accepted as part of the requirements in geography. Geography majors may not take geography courses on the pass/not pass system after having chosen geography as their major, except for those courses offered only on this basis. The student may pursue the cartography option or the rural, town and regional planning option described below or take the degree without emphasis. Cartography Option In addition to satisfying the general requirements for a degree in geography, the student desiring to achieve an option in cartography must complete GEOG 388 and GEOG 482 or 487; FOR 351 and 451; and twelve credits selected from the following electives: ASTR 131N, 132N, 134N, 135N; GEOG 330N, 587, 588, and 589; FOR 503, 504 and 551; and GEOL 100N and 105N. Also required are CS 203, 204, or 205, and MATH 150. These requirements are designed to satisfy qualifications for cartography positions with various governmental agencies. Rural, Town and Regional Planning Option In addition to satisfying the general requirements for a degree in geography, the student desiring an option in rural, town and regional planning must complete Geog 388, 479, 482; PHIL 327; and SOC 340. An additional three credits chosen from the following: GEOG 321, 346, 487 or EVST 301 also must be taken. Advisor Every geography major is required to obtain the consent of a geography faculty member to act as advisor. The student must meet with this advisor periodically to design a program and monitor progress. All proposals for course substitutions and program alterations must be submitted to the advisor. The student's application for graduation must be approved and initialed by the advisor before being reviewed and signed by the chairman. Teacher Preparation in Geography Major Teaching Field of Geography: For an endorsement in the major teaching field of Geography, a student must complete the requirements for the B.A. degree with a major in geography (an option is not required) including GEOG 103S, 259S and 281 (or 481). Students also must complete C&I 428, gain admission to Teacher Education and Student Teaching and meet the requirements for certification as a secondary teacher (see the School of Education section of this catalog). The demand in Montana high schools for teaching of courses in this field is increasing. A student also should complete the required second endorsement (major or minor) in a field other than Drama, Economics, Journalism, Psychology or Sociology. Minor Teaching Field of Geography: For an endorsement in the minor teaching field of Geography, a student must complete GEOG 101S, 102N, 103S, 259S, 281 (or 481) and three elective credits in geography. Students also must complete one upper-division human geography course or upper-division physical geography course and C&I 428, gain admission to Teacher Education and Student Teaching, and meet the requirements for certification as a secondary teacher (see the School of Education section of this catalog). Suggested Course of Study
**A course sequence in a foreign language may be substituted. Requirements for a Minor To earn a minor in Geography the student must complete a minimum of 18 credits including: GEOG 101S and 102N; two courses from GEOG 104, 385, 386 and 387; and one upper-division human or physical geography course. Courses U = for undergraduate credit only, UG = for undergraduate or graduate credit, G = for graduate credit. R after the credit indicates the course may be repeated for credit to the maximum indicated after the R. U 101S Introduction to Human Geography 3 cr. Offered autumn and spring. Introduction to human geography: population, culture, settlement, land uses and spatial interaction. U 102N Introduction to Physical Geography 3 cr. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., MATH 100 or above, or appropriate score on math placement exam. Introduction to major natural environmental systems: weather, climate, water, vegetation and soils. U 103S World Regional Geography 3 cr. Offered spring. An overall view of how the lands and peoples of the world are organized into coherent geographical regions, how landscapes differ from region to region, and how the people differ in terms of their traits, beliefs, ways of life, and economic livelihood. U 104 Introduction to Maps and Air Photographs 3 cr. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., MATH 100 or above, or appropriate score on math placement exam. Introduction to the concepts and techniques needed to understand and analyze the information contained in maps, aerial photographs, and other graphics. U 105 Map and Air Photo Laboratory 1 cr. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq. or coreq., GEOG 104. Determination of spatial variables from maps/air photos using a variety of equipment. Involves techniques of data acquisition and applications of basic Geographic Information Systems (GIS) procedures. U 195 Special Topics Variable cr. (R-6) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics. U 281 Geography for Teachers 3 cr. Offered autumn. Geographical concepts, methods, and subject material needed for teaching geography effectively at the elementary or secondary level. U 295 Special Topics Variable cr. (R-6) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics. U 395 Special Topics Variable cr. (R-12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics. Human Geography UG 305S Cultural Geography 3 cr. Offered spring. A survey of historical and contemporary cultural-environmental patterns. Emphasis is upon the emergence and distribution of cultural adaptations, the human use of natural resources, and the creation and transformation of cultural landscapes. UG 315S Economic Geography 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., GEOG 101S or consent of instr. Spatial order and changing locational patterns of human economic activity. Emphasis on concepts and theories of agriculture, industrial and urban location. UG 321S Towns and Rural Settlement 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., GEOG 101S. The spatial, functional, and locational attributes of regional centers and towns in the context of the patterns of rural settlement. UG 425 The Human Role in Environmental Change 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., upper-division or graduate standing or consent of instr. Same as EVST 425. A systematic examination of the ways in which the major physical systems and ecosystems of the earth have been modified by human activity. G 510 Advanced Human Geography 3 cr. (R-9) Offered intermittently. Prereq., consent of instr. Advanced topics in economic geography, urban geography, cultural geography, population and migration, settlement, and historical geography. Topic titles will appear in the class schedule. G 588 GIS in Human Geography 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., consent of instr. Applications of GIS in human geography. Concentration on the topology and structures of data in vector format. Vector to raster conversions. Mapping and map analysis methods which concern census data, the TIGER Files, city and county data bases, county surveyors maps, and others. Physical Geography UG 330N Meteorology 3 cr. Offered summer. Prereq., GEOG 102N or consent of instr. Origin, composition, structure, and dynamics of the atmosphere, gas and radiation laws, energy budget and balance, weather elements and North American weather systems. UG 340 Landform Geomorphology 3 cr. Offered intermittently. Prereq., GEOG 102N or equiv. Important landforms, the biophysical processes and environments of their formation and associated morphological problems. UG 346N Biogeography 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., GEOG 102N or equiv. Geography of the biologic community and its environment using the ecosystem approach and the landscape perspective. UG 435 Water Resources 3 cr. Offered intermittently. Prereq., GEOG 330N or consent of instr. Offered alternate years. Components of the hydrological cycle. Occurrence, acquisition, transportation and utilization of water resources. Water management problems of major U.S. watersheds. UG 443 Soil Geomorphogenesis and Classification 3 cr. Offered intermittently. Prereq., GEOG 340, FOR 210 or consent of instr. Classification, morphology, and distribution of soils and palaeosoils as consequences of bio-climatic geomorphological processes. G 530 Advanced Physical Geography 3 cr. (R-9) Offered intermittently. Prereq., consent of instr. Advanced topics in landform analysis, biogeography, the geography of soils, water resources, etc. Topic titles will appear in the class schedule. G 587 GIS in Physical Geography 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., consent of instr. Analysis of physical landscape by means of spatial and statistical techniques drawn from raster-based geographic information systems. Regional Geography U 109 Central Asia: From Cyrus to Gorbachev 3 cr. Offered autumn. Same as AS, HIST, LS 109. Introduction to Central Asia's history, culture and ways of thinking. Focus on the political and social organization of Central Asia and cultural changes as expressed in art and interactions with China, India and the Middle East. U 242S South Asia/Land and People 3 cr. Offered intermittently. Same as SOC 242S. The physical setting of South Asia, its history, culture and socio-economic organization. Examines regional differences, changing social patterns and the relationship between people and the environment. U 256S North American West 3 cr. Offered intermittently. Consideration of the spatial integration and arrangement of the physical, cultural and economic traits which give to the western parts of the United States and Canada their geographic personality. Emphasis on spatial organization, landscape contrasts and the various geographic subregions of the West. U 257 Pacific Northwest 3 cr. Offered spring. An examination of the physical and socioeconomic characteristics of Washington, Oregon, Idaho and western Montana with emphasis on the regional economy, resource problems and policies. U 259S Montana 3 cr. Offered spring. The spatial integration and arrangement of the physical, cultural and economic traits which give to Montana its geographical personality. U 265S Europe 3 cr. Offered intermittently. A systematic geography of Europe. Discussion of the physical and socio-economic characteristics of Europe with emphasis on processes of political integration, demographic change and economic restructuring. U 269S Middle East 3 cr. Offered intermittently. A survey of the biophysical and cultural geography of Southwest Asia and North Africa. Emphasis is on environmental change, cultural-historical development, socio-economic diversity, and the broader political significance of the region. U 277S Africa 3 cr. Offered autumn. A survey of the biophysical and cultural geography of Sub-Saharan Africa. Emphasis is on the region's cultural-historical development and current ecological, demographic, and economic patterns. UG 351 Geography of a Selected Region 3 cr. (R-9) Offered intermittently. Selected regions will be listed as appropriate in each class schedule. UG 366S China 3 cr. Offered autumn. The spatial integration and arrangement of the physical, cultural and economic traits of China. Geographical Thought, Methodology, and Techniques UG 376 Historical Geography 3 cr. Offered intermittently. Prereq., GEOG 101S and 102N or consent of instr. Geography of past periods with the aim of understanding geographical patterns and processes, both past and present. UG 385 Field Techniques 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., MATH 117 and twelve credits in geography or consent of instr. Field techniques used by geographers and planners in making field observations and in collecting data. UG 386 Quantitative Techniques in Geography 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., MATH 117 and twelve credits in geography or consent of instr. Quantitative analysis of spatial data; measurements of aggregation and concentration; description of areal distributions; techniques of regionalization; computerized data analysis. UG 387 Principles of Digital Cartography 3 cr. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., GEOG 104 or consent of instr. Concepts, principles, and methods of cartography as applied to computerized mapping and geographical information systems. Topics include scale, coordinate systems, projections, digital map topology, data acquisition, geocoding, compilation, typography, and design. Computer mapping exercises. UG 388 Digital Thematic Cartography 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., GEOG 387. Communicating topical information with maps. Theories of map symbolism, generalization, compilation and design. Computer production of choropleth maps, dot maps, proportional figure maps, isarithmic maps, and others. Includes computer mapping exercises. UG 479 Rural, Town and Regional Planning 3 cr. Offered intermittently. Prereq., GEOG 101S or consent of instr. Land planning principles, practices and problems in small towns and rural environments. UG 481 Seminar in Teaching Geography 3 cr. Offered summer. Prereq., consent of instr. Modern concepts and techniques in geography with emphasis on their use in teaching geography in Montana schools. Students are required to prepare and present a teaching unit project. UG 482 Models in Geography and Planning 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., GEOG 386 or consent of instr. Review of the theoretical and conceptual basis of models employed by applied geographers, planners, regional economic analysts, etc. Computer application of widely used techniques such as population and employment projections, interaction and location-allocation models. A project-oriented course. UG 487 Computer Map Production and Design 3 cr. Offered intermittently. Prereq., GEOG 387. Advanced compilation, design and production of maps employing computerized methods. Topics include color-separation, four-color process and spot colors, digital output, layers, service bureaus, image manipulation, and bezier curves. U 493 Omnibus Variable cr. (R-15) Offered intermittently. Prereq., consent of instr. University omnibus option for independent work. See index. UG 495 Special Topics Variable cr. (R-9) Offered intermittently. Prereq., consent of instr. Specialized aspects of geography. Topics vary. UG 496 Independent Study Variable cr. (R-9) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Independent study in any subfield of geography. U 498 Cooperative Education Experience Variable cr. (R-9) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Extended classroom experience which provides practical application of classroom learning during placements within governmental agencies or the business community. G 500 Geography Graduate Colloquium 1 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq., consent of instr. Graded pass/not pass only. Attendance required every semester graduate students are in residence. Must register for credit only during the semester that the thesis proposal is submitted. Presentation of faculty and student research interests. Guests lecturers. G 550 Seminar in Geography 3 cr. (R-9) Offered intermittently. Prereq., consent of instr. Seminar topics in human geography, physical geography, regional geography, or geographical techniques. G 577 Seminar in Geographical Thought 3 cr. Offered autumn. Geographical ideas, concepts, approaches, and techniques from ancient to modern times. G 579 Seminar in Rural, Town and Regional Planning 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., GEOG 479 or consent of instr. A critical analysis of land planning theories, concepts and current practices with a focus on local, regional, and state planning problems. G 582 Planning Design 3 cr. Offered odd-numbered years. Prereq., consent of instr. Analysis of land-use problems and design. G 589 Seminar in Cartography 3 cr. (R-9) Offered intermittently. Prereq., consent of instr. Seminar topics in cartography and geographic information systems. Applications to advanced studies in human and physical geography. G 595 Special Topics Variable cr. (R-9) Offered intermittently. Prereq., consent of instr. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics. G 596 Independent Study Variable cr. (R-9) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Independent research in geography or planning. G 597 Research Methods 3 cr. Offered spring. Prereq., consent of instr. Methods of research appropriate for geography including research design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Preparation of a thesis proposal. G 598 Cooperative Education Experience Variable cr. (R-9) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Extended classroom experience which provides practical application of classroom learning during placements off campus. G 699 Thesis Variable cr. (R-6) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of advisor. Faculty Professors John M. Crowley, Ph.D., University of Minnesota, 1964 (Emeritus) Associate Professors H. W. Bockemuehl, Ph.D., Massey University, 1973 (Emeritus) Assistant Professors Eric G. Edlund, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, 1996 Instructors Steven R. Holloway, M.A., The University of Montana, 1992 (Visiting) |
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