General Education

Preamble

The University of Montana-Missoula’s General Education Program provides a broad academic base that supports undergraduate learning both at The University of Montana-Missoula as well as continued learning following graduation. While the General Education Program offers students considerable flexibility in selecting courses, it has a set of common educational objectives for all students.

In accordance with the mission of The University of Montana- Missoula, these objectives are to develop competent and humane individuals who are informed, ethical, literate, and engaged citizens of local and global communities. Students should become acquainted with issues facing contemporary society, participate in the creative arts, develop an understanding of science and technology, cultivate an appreciation of the humanities, and examine the history of different American and global cultures. Upon completion of the general education requirements students should be able to articulate ideas verbally and in writing, understand and critically evaluate tangible and abstract concepts, and employ mathematical and other related skills appropriate to a technologically focused society.

In summary, the General Education Program is designed to provide a high quality intellectual foundation that accommodates all UM students whether in liberal arts or professional programs. This foundation will be reinforced, expanded, and refined as students continue through their course of study. Students are encouraged to prepare for productive roles in their chosen fields by cultivating civic awareness vital to the greater community and a democratic society. The acquired skills will allow students to examine critically the human experience and achieve genuine confidence in their knowledge and abilities. For the General Education Program to accomplish its goals, students must assume primary responsibility for their growth and education.

General Education Requirements

To receive a baccalaureate degree all students must complete successfully, in addition to any other requirements, the following General Education Requirements. (Students who have completed an approved lower-division general education program at an approved Montana institution of higher education, refer to the General Education for Transfer Students section of this catalog.)

All courses taken to satisfy General Education Requirements, both Competency Requirements and Distributional Requirements, must be taken for a traditional letter grade and must be C- or better except English composition and the Mathematical Literacy course must be a C or better.

Competency Requirements:
English Writing Skills:

The faculty of The University of Montana-Missoula requires that all graduates of the University possess the ability to write with clarity of thought and precision of language. Specifically, a graduate’s writing will:

  • Communicate a unified message supported by evidence, examples or arguments;
  • Develop ideas thoroughly and logically with clear connections among them;
  • Have a purposeful organizational plan that befits the message;
  • Respond appropriately and effectively to new or given information;
  • Use language that is clear and precise;
  • Possess a voice that is consistent and appropriate to the audience and purpose;
  • Use correct spelling, punctuation and grammar.

To ensure that all graduates have acquired the writing skills outlined above, students should satisfy the following requirements in this order:

  1. ENEX 101 or WTS 101 or ENEX 200 with a grade of at least C (2.0)
  2. One approved writing course;
  3. Passing score on the Upper-Division Writing Proficiency Assessment (WPA), to be taken between 45-70 credits;
  4. The upper-division writing course(s) required by the major.

Students will be placed into WTS 100D, WTS 101, ENEX 101, or ENEX 200 based on standardized test scores, such as ACT or SAT. Students may be exempted from WTS 101 or ENEX 101 by transferring an equivalent composition course with a gr ade of at least C (2.0), or by receiving a score of at least 3 on the AP

One Writing Course. All students, unless exempted, must pass an approved writing course (chosen from the following list of approved courses) before attempting the WPA. Students are exempted from this requirement by transferring more than 27 semester credits at the time of their initial registration at the University.

The following courses are designated as Writing courses for 2007-2008. Students are cautioned that approved courses may change from year to year. To be used for General Education, a course must be listed as approved in the catalog and in the Class Schedule for the semester a student registers for it.

  • African American Studies 372, 478
  • Anthropology 340H, 359, 450
  • Art 203L, 303L, 368H, 384H
  • Asian Studies 313L, 314L, 340H, 432
  • Biology 405, 418
  • Chemistry 334
  • Chinese 313L, 314L, 432
  • Communications 210E, 421, 422, 424
  • Communicative Sciences and Disorders 430, 440
  • Computer Science 415E
  • Computer Technology 122E
  • Curriculum and Instruction 287, 318
  • Dance 334H, 494
  • Drama 320, 321,
  • Economics 350, 440
  • English 120L, 121L, 223L, 224L, 225L, 301, 320, 321, 322, 323, 325, 329, 331, 335, 336, 337, 353, 355, 371, 372, 373
  • Environmental Studies 302, 305L, 367, 373A, 440, 427E
  • Forestry 220, 340, 489E
  • Geography 333S, 335, 401, 499
  • Geology 320N, 499
  • German 303H, 304H
  • Health and Human Performance 372, 450
  • History 107H, 108H, 300, 400, 401, 437, 446, 467, 470, 471, 478
  • Honors College 121L
  • Information Systems 448
  • Japanese 311L, 312L, 431L
  • Journalism 270, 331, 333, 415, 489
  • Liberal Studies 151L, 152L, 313L, 314L, 315L, 321H, 322H, 323, 325E, 356, 432L
  • Management 348, 444, 445, 446
  • Marketing 461
  • Mathematical Sciences 406
  • Microbiology 418, 420
  • Modern and Classical Literatures 210H, 311L, 312L, 313L, 314L, 315L, 330H, 331H, 365E, 431L, 432L
  • Music 325H, 424, 436, 437
  • Native American Studies 200, 202L, 329, 367H, 368H, 410L, 494
  • Pharmacy 550
  • Philosophy 300E, 427E, 443E, 453, 461, 463
  • Physics 330
  • Political Science 300
  • Psychology 320, 400
  • Radio-Television 280, 360, 361, 494
  • Recreation Management 451, 482
  • Social Work 310
  • UNC 270
  • Wildlife Biology 245, 408
  • Women’s Studies 336
  • Writing Studies 115, 240E

Upper-Division Writing Proficiency Assessment (WPA).All students (including transfer students) who have completed ENEX 101 (or its equivalent or have been exempted), a writing course (or its equivalent or have been exempted), and have completed at least 45 semester credits must take the WPA. Students must pass the WPA in order to graduate. The Assessment is designed to be a “gating exam” to ensure that the student is prepared for the writing required in upper-division major courses. Students are advised to satisfy the writing proficiency assessment prior to completing the upper-division writing requirement in their major.

Students should note the following:

  • Students must take the assessment after 45 but no later than 70 credits.
  • Transfer students may take the assessment concurrently with either their writing course or the writing requirement(s) in their major.

The WPA consists of a two-hour proctored examination written in response to a text released two weeks prior to the examination date. The assessment is offered seven times annually. For more information on the assessment and copies of the text students should see www.umt.edu/provost/writingassessment.

Upper-Division Writing Requirement. All students must meet the approved upper-division writing requirements specified in their majors. The writing courses offered in each major vary–some students may be required to take only one upper-division writing class offered by their major department; students in a different major may be required to take a group of courses that provide an integrated series of writing expectations; students in yet another major may be required to write a senior thesis. Students must check the writing requirements in the respective majors.

Students should refer to the preceding list of approved writing courses and the appropriate Class Schedule to determine which courses are designated as upper-division writing courses for 2006-2007. Students are cautioned that approved courses may change from year to year. To be used for General Education, a course must be listed as approved in the Class Schedule for the year a student registers for it.

Mathematical Literacy:

The faculty of The University of Montana-Missoula requires that all graduates of the University possess the ability to accomplish basic algebraic manipulations and achieve mathematical literacy at a level typically presented in college mathematics courses. More specifically, a graduate will demonstrate the ability to:

  • Formulate real-world problems quantitatively
  • Solve quantitative problems
  • Interpret solutions to problems
  • Make critical judgments regarding the validity of competing formulations and solutions.

To ensure that all graduates have achieved mathematical literacy, students must complete the following program:

  1. All students must demonstrate basic skills in mathematics.The mathematical manipulative skills of all students entering The University of Montana-Missoula without credit for an equivalent course in mathematical literacy will be assessed using a placement score. Students then will be placed in an appropriate developmental course or courses in mathematics; MAT 100D; a course in mathematical literacy: MATH 107, 109, 111, 112, 117, 121, 130, 150, or 152; or qualify for the Mathematical Literacy Examination.
  2. All students must complete a course in mathematical literacy with a grade of C (2.00 quality points) or better:: MATH 107, 109, 117, 121, 130 (or a mathematics course for which one of these courses is a prerequisite) or an equivalent unless exempted.

Students who qualify may take the Mathematical Literacy Examination. Passing the Mathematical Literacy Examination satisfies the General Education requirement for Mathematical Literacy

A score of 50 or higher on the CLEP College Algebra Test or the CLEP College Algebra/Trigonometry Test, administered by the Testing Service, satisfies the General Education requirement for Mathematical Literacy

Foreign Language/ Symbolic Systems:

Upon completion of the Foreign Language Competency a student will have knowledge of a language other than English sufficient to read and write elementary texts and, when the language is modern, to understand basic speech and to carry on simple conversations.

Upon completion of the Symbolic Systems Competency a student will have sufficient knowledge of a symbolic system to be able to perform elementary operations in the system, including correct notation. The system must have a rigor and complexity comparable to a spoken language, signed language, math sequence, e.g., MATH 117 and 121, or music sequence, 161 and 162.

All students must complete successfully one of the following requirements.

  1. Foreign Language:students must complete successfully the second semester of a foreign language at The University of Montana-Missoula (Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Greek, Japanese, Latin, Russian or Spanish 102) or demonstrate equivalent skill in any of these or other acceptable languages in testing administered by the Clinical Psychology Center and the Department of Modern and Classical Languages and Literatures. Native American language study may be presented for fulfillment of the symbolic systems requirement through certification by the Department of Modern and Classical Languages and Literatures. International students from non English speaking countries may satisfy this requirement by presenting a TOEFL score of 580 or greater, or by successful completion of ESL/LING 250 or 450, or by presenting a department approved application for degree.

    OR

  2. Symbolic Systems:a student must complete successfully one of the following approved sequences in a symbolic system:Any two of Computer Science 101, 131, 132, 201, (201 may be taken twice if it deals with two different languages) or Computer Technology 121, 270.
  • Communication Studies 131, 132
  • Linguistics 270 or 470 and either 471 or 472 (and their cross-listings)
  • Mathematical Sciences 117, Forestry 201
  • Mathematical Sciences 117, Curriculum & Instruction/Health and Human Performance 486
  • Mathematical Sciences 117, Anthropology 401
  • Mathematical Sciences 117, Psychology 220
  • Mathematical Sciences 117, Sociology 202
  • Mathematical Sciences 150, Anthropology 381
  • Mathematical Sciences 150, Psychology 220
  • Mathematical Sciences 152, Anthropology 381
  • Mathematical Sciences 152, Psychology 220
  • Two Mathematical Sciences courses numbered higher than 109
  • One Mathematical Sciences course numbered 150 or above
  • Music 111, 112, 137, 138
  • Music 161, 162
  • Philosophy 210, 211

Distributional Requirements:

Students must complete successfully 27 credits in the following six perspectives. A minimum of two credits is required from each perspective, except for Perspective 6 in which six credits are required. A maximum of six credits from each perspective will count toward the General Education requirement; credit taken above this limit will count toward graduation but not toward General Education.

At least one course completed from Perspectives 1 through 5 must be non western. That course also will count toward that perspective. Upon completion of a non-western course, a student will be able to discuss some aspect of the creative works, values, ways of life and/or history of a non-western culture

At least one course completed from Perspective 6 must include a laboratory experience.

The following courses have been approved for 2006-2007. Students are cautioned that approved courses may change from year to year. To be used for General Education credit, a course must be listed as approved in the Class Schedule for the semester a student registers for it.

Perspective 1 Expressive Arts:

These courses involve the student in the creation of a work of art or an artistic performance. They teach the skills involved in its creation as well as a conceptual basis for making qualitative judgements about the work.

Upon completion of this perspective, through the creation of original works of art or artistic performances, students will be able to:

  1. apply the techniques and processes of the medium.
  2. incorporate the structures and forms of the artistic language to convey meaning.
  3. reflect upon and critically assess the merits of their work and the work of others.
  4. perceive and articulate the relevance of artistic expression in the human experience.

Note that many of these courses are repeatable.

  • Art 123A, 125A, 129A, 135A, 215A, 229A, 233A, 240A, 314A
  • Communication Studies 111A
  • Communications 160A, 217A
  • Dance 100A, 104A, 107A, 200A, 201A, 202A, 204A, 207A, 307A, 327A
  • Drama 103A, 106A, 107A, 111A, 112A, 200A, 216A, 316A, 327A
  • English 210A, 211A, 311A, 312A
  • Environmental Studies 373A
  • Media Arts 111A, 112A
  • Music 100A, 104A, 107A, 108A, 110A, 113A, 114A, 115A, 116A, 118A, 147A, 150A, 304A, 307A, 308A, 310A, 313A, 314A, 350A
  • Writing Studies 184A, 185A, 186A
Perspective 2 Literary and Artistic Studies:

These courses bring the student into contact with significant works, enhance critical abilities, and explore the historical, technical, emotional, philosophical or social questions the work may raise.

Upon completion of this perspective, a student will be able to:

  1. analyze literary and artistic works with respect to internal structure, merit, and significance within a literary or artistic tradition.
  2. understand intellectual substance of a work by identifying the author's historical, philosophical, psychological, political, and/or social concepts and concerns.
  3. critically assess the intellectual traditions reflected in a particular work.
  • Art 100L, 203L, 303L, 403L
  • Communication Studies 250L
  • Drama 101L, 166L, 210L, 220L
  • English 110L, 120L, 121L, 218L, 219L, 222L, 223L, 224L, 225L, 227L, 338L, 349L, 350L
  • Environmental Studies 305L
  • Film Studies 227L
  • French 311L, 312L
  • German 311L, 312L, 313L, 361L
  • Honors College 121L
  • Liberal Studies 160L,227L, 251L. 252L, 282L, 305L, 306L, 315
  • Media Arts 101L
  • Modern and Classical Literatures 155L, 160L, 222L, 251L, 252L, 305L, 306L, 307L, 315L
  • Music 132L, 133L, 134L, 135L, 166L
  • Russian 305L, 306L, 307L
  • Spanish 311L, 312L, 450L
  • Non-Western:
  • AS 313L, 314L, 432L
  • Chinese 313L, 314L, 432L
  • Dance 434L
  • English 429L
  • Japanese 311L, 312L, 431L
  • Liberal Studies 311L, 313L, 314L, 432L
  • Modern and Classical Literatures 311L, 312L, 313L, 314L, 380L, 431L, 432L
  • Native American Studies 202L, 410L
Perspective 3 Historical and Cultural Studies:

These courses present the historical or cultural context in which ideas can be illuminated, examine cultural development or differentiation in the human past and avoid focus on a narrow period, topic or geographical area. Courses are either western, emphasizing Greco-Roman, Judeo-Christian, European-American experiences; or nonwestern.

Upon completion of this perspective, a student will be able to:

  1. evaluate documents within a historical and/or cultural framework.
  2. synthesize ideas and information with regard to historical causes, the course of events, and their consequences.
  3. analyze human behavior, ideas and institutions for historical and cultural meaning and significance.
  • African-American Studies 278H, 378H, 379H
  • Anthropology 100H, 324H
  • Art 336H, 380H, 381H, 384H, 389H, 450H, 451H, 480H, 486H, 487H
  • Dance 334H
  • Drama 336H
  • Environmental Studies 167H
  • German 303H, 304H, 362H
  • History 104H, 105H, 107H, 108H, 151H, 152H, 154H, 155H, 286H, 287H, 301H, 302H, 303H, 306H, 307H, 310H, 311H, 312H, 319H, 330H, 331H, 332H, 338H, 339H, 340H, 354H, 361H, 363H, 367H, 370H, 371H, 378H, 379H
  • Liberal Studies 119H, 221H, 321H, 322H, 340H, 341H, 362H, 371H
  • Modern and Classical Literatures 100H, 231H, 301H, 302H, 303H, 330H, 331H, 360H, 361H, 362H
  • Music 324H, 325H
  • Philosophy 119H, 251H, 252H, 362H
  • Political Science 321H
  • Religious Studies 106H, 260H
  • Women’s Studies 119H, 370H, 371H
  • Non-Western:
  • African-American Studies 208H, 388H, 389H
  • Anthropology 101H, 252H, 283H, 284H, 386H, 323H, 330H, 340H, 351H, 354H, 357H
  • Art 150H, 151H, 367H, 368H, 484H, 485H
  • Asian Studies 102H, 201H, 210H, 211H, 212H, 340H
  • Geography 283H, 284H
  • History 201H, 208H, 283H, 284H, 380H, 381H, 386H, 388H, 389H, 465H, 466H
  • Japanese 210H
  • Liberal Studies 161H, 210H, 211H, 212H
  • Modern and Classical Literatures 210H, 211H
  • Music 136H
  • Native American Studies 100H, 201H, 324H, 342H, 367H, 368H, 465H, 466H
  • Political Science 326H, 328H, 329H
  • Religious Studies 232H
  • Women’s Studies 342H
  • Sociology 212H
Perspective 4 Social Sciences:

These courses bring the systematic study of society to bear on the analysis of social problems and structures while giving considerable attention to the ways in which conclusions and generalizations are developed and justified.

Upon completion of this perspective, a student will be able to:

  1. describe the nature, structure and historical development of human organizations and/or relationships.
  2. comprehend the role of theory in explaining social phenomena.
  3. generate and/or interpret social science data.
  4. assess and evaluate the significance of social phenomena.
  • Anthropology 102S, 214S, 250S, 328S, 343S, 385S, 420S, 473S
  • Business 103S, 160S
  • Business Administration 100S
  • Communication Studies 110S, 202S, 230S, 240S, 241S, 410S, 412S
  • Communications 150S, 260S
  • Communicative Sciences and Disorders 110S, 210S
  • Economics 100S, 111S, 112S, 302S, 345S
  • Forestry 380S
  • Geography 101S, 103S, 201S, 315S, 333S, 412S
  • Journalism 100S
  • Linguistics 473S
  • Management 340S
  • Military Science Leadership 101S
  • Political Science 100S, 120S
  • Psychology 100S, 240S, 260S, 265S, 330S, 350S, 351S
  • Psychology 100S, 110S
  • Recreation Management 110S, 370S
  • Religious Studies 130S,
  • Social Work 100S, 420S, 455S
  • Sociology 110S, 130S, 220S, 230S, 275S, 350S
  • Women’s Studies 263S, 275S
  • Non-Western:
  • Anthropology 220S, 251S, 326S, 329S, 341S
  • Asian Studies 202S, 213S, 214S
  • Communication Studies 251S, 451S
  • Economics 310S
  • Geography 202S, 207S, 213S, 214S, 306S
  • History 214S
  • Liberal Studies 213S, 214S
  • Native American Studies 341S
  • Political Science 463S
  • Sociology 370S
Perspective 5 Ethical and Human Values:

Students are required to take between 2 and 6 credits in Perspective 5.

Upon completion of a core course in ethical and human values, students should:

  1. understand central ethical norms of society; understand the foundational moral reasoning and historical origins of these norms; be conversant with the treatment of moral issues according to these norms.
  2. understand some of the limits of these norms and be familiar with some alternatives to them.
  3. be able to defend held ethical commitments with the ability to identify and articulate the underlying ethical positions that inform them.

Upon completion of a specialized course in ethical and human values, students should:

  1. be able to identify and interpret the codes, conventions, or particular value base of the profession or discipline under consideration;
  2. be able to analyze those codes and conventions or value bases so to understand them within the context of the group and within larger society; and
  3. have considered agency requirements for practitioners or stewards within the field;

    OR

  4. have explored, for at least one-half of the course time, the ethical dimensions of particular issues of a particular subject matter. Subject matter might include topics such as artistic expression, environment, forgiveness, non-violence, public policies, and terrorism, as well as issues that arise within professional contexts.
  • Core:
  • Forestry 489E
  • History 335E
  • Liberal Studies 325E
  • Modern and Classical Literatures 365E
  • Philosophy 200E, 201E, 300E
  • Political Science 150E, 350E
  • Specialized:
  • Anthropology 403E
  • Communications 210E
  • Computer Science 415E
  • Computer Technology 122E
  • Curriculum and Instruction 407E
  • Environmental Studies 327E, 427E
  • Geology 304E
  • Health and Physical Education 475E
  • Health Professions 298E
  • History 226E, 334E, 460E
  • Honors College 202E
  • Military Science Leadership 402E
  • Pharmacy 514E
  • Philosophy 223E, 325E, 327E, 421E, 422E, 427E, 429E, 441E, 443E
  • Political Science 130E, 353E
  • Social Work 410E
  • Writing Studies 240E
  • Specialized Non-Western:
  • Native American Studies 301E, 303E
  • Religious Studies 301E
Perspective 6 Natural Sciences:

These courses present scientific conclusions about the structure and function of the natural world; demonstrate or exemplify scientific questioning and validation of findings.

Upon completion of this perspective, a student will be able to:

  1. use both creative and critical scientific questioning, and validation of scientific findings.
  2. use the methodology and activities scientists use to gather, validate and interpret data related to natural processes.
  3. detect patterns, draw conclusions, develop conjectures and hypotheses, and test them by appropriate means and experiments.
  4. identify laws and rules related to natural processes by quantitative measurement, scientific observation, and logical/critical reasoning.
  • Courses which include laboratory experience:
  • Astronomy 134N, 135N, 142N
  • Biology 100N, 107N, 109N, 110N, 120N
  • Chemistry 101N, 154N, 161N, 162N
  • Forestry 210N, 241N
  • Geology 101N, 106N
  • Microbiology 107N
  • Physics 121N, 122N, 221N, 222N
  • Science 201N, 202N
  • Science 225N, 226N
  • Courses which do not include laboratory experience:
  • Anthropology 210N, 211N, 286N, 310N
  • Astronomy 131N, 132N
  • Biology 106N, 108N, 121N, 201N
  • Chemistry 151N, 152N
  • Environmental Studies 101N
  • Forestry 170N, 271N
  • Geography 102N, 322N, 426N
  • Geology 100N, 103N, 105N, 320N
  • Health and Human Performance 236N
  • Pharmacy 110N
  • Physics 141N
  • Psychology 270N
  • Science 115N, 150N
  • Wildlife Biology 105N

General Education for Transfer Students

Students transferring credits from other institutions must meet all requirements by transfer, by examination, or by completing courses at The University of Montana-Missoula.

According to Board of Regents policy, students who can demonstrate that they have completed an approved lower-division general education requirement at an approved Montana institution of higher education will be deemed to have completed general education requirements except for the upper-division writing proficiency assessment and the upper-division writing requirements in their majors.

Transfer students who believe they have completed an approved lower-division general education requirement at another Montana school should request that the registrar of the other school send a letter to the University Registrar’s Office certifying that the requirement has been met.

If students transfer 20 or more approved Montana University System core course credits with their initial registration at UM-Missoula, they may choose to complete the MUS General Education rather than the UM-Missoula General Education requirement

Students governed by the 2006-2007 catalog or later catalogs must earn a traditional letter grade of C- or better in courses used to satisfy General Education (except English composition and the Mathematical Literacy course must be a C or better). Students enrolled in a post-secondary institution prior to autumn 2006 may be eligible to choose an earlier governing catalog. Refer to the Governing Catalog information in the previous section. See index.

Students who have completed a bachelor degree at the University or elsewhere will be presumed to have completed the General Education Requirement.

Admissions & New Student Services will evaluate all transfer credits for General Education credit. Students who wish to appeal that evaluation may petition the Graduation Appeals Subcommittee of the Academic Standards and Curriculum Review Committee, but such petitions must be initiated during the first semester of the student's attendance following that evaluation.

Major and Minor Requirements

Major Requirements
Declaring a Major and Changing a Major

Students indicate on the application for admission the major or majors in which they are interested. Students undecided as to a field of interest may elect to be Undeclared while making program and career decisions. Students must declare a major in a degree granting program prior to completion of 45 credits or after three semesters, whichever occurs first.

Students must complete a major in order to earn a degree or certificate.

Students may change their majors or minors by obtaining the proper approval on a change of major or minor form available from the Registration Counter in Griz Central in the Lommasson Center. Because of enrollment limitations, students must request a change to a program in the College of Technology by completing an application for admission and submitting it to the College. Students whose initial admission was to the College of Technology may change to a major outside the College by submitting an application for admission to Enrollment Services-Admissions & New Student Services in the Lommasson Center.

Credits Required for a Major

Students in a bachelor degree program must complete a minimum of 30 credits in their major. Most majors require more.

Students may elect to earn a single degree with more than one major. Students may complete a double major (two majors) or any number of majors. All requirements for the majors must be completed even though students will receive a single degree such as a Bachelor of Arts with majors in Psychology and Sociology. It is only necessary to complete the total credit requirement for a single bachelor degree.

Courses completed to satisfy the requirements of a major also may be applied toward the General Education Requirement if they appear on the list of approved courses at the time they are taken.

Students in programs in the College of Technology complete requirements as listed in the College section of this catalog. See index.

Credit Limitations in a Major

A maximum of 60 credits in the student's major may be counted toward the baccalaureate degree, except some options in Health and Human Performance and Education, majors in Computer Science, and majors in the Schools of Business Administration, Fine Arts, Journalism, Law, Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences and the College of Forestry and Conservation are allowed more. Students with combined majors, as opposed to two majors, are allowed to apply 75 credits in the major.

Grade Requirement

Courses taken to satisfy the requirements of the major must be completed with a grade of C- or better.

A minimum grade average of 2.00 in all work attempted in the major at The University of Montana-Missoula is required for graduation.

Options

Groups of courses have been identified which lead to a specialization within one major or between two or more majors. These specializations are called options. The names of approved options will be recorded on the permanent records of those students who have satisfactorily completed the requirements as given in the catalog governing their graduation. A student desiring a particular option must satisfy the requirements of the major offering it. If one option is offered within two or more majors, the student must satisfy the requirements of only one.

Only courses listed within the supporting major count toward the 60 credit limitation in the major. Courses in other fields do not count toward the maximum of 60 credits in the major even though they may be required or elected for the options.

If one major has two or more options, a student may satisfy the requirements for more than one option so long as the maximum credit limitations are observed.

Minor Requirements

Baccalaureate students may elect to complete one or more minors in fields outside their majors. Minors may be in fields unrelated to students' majors or they may be complementary or supportive of majors. A student may not take a minor in the same field of study as his or her major.

A student will not be required to satisfy the requirements of a minor in order to graduate unless that minor is required by the student's major department or school.

Courses completed to satisfy the requirements of a minor also may be applied toward the General Education Requirement if they appear on the list of approved courses at the time they are taken.

Credits Required for a Minor

To complete a minor, students must earn at least 18 credits in an approved minor listed in this catalog and complete a baccalaureate degree.

Students possessing a baccalaureate degree from an accredited college or university may earn a minor if they have been accepted by the University as an undergraduate degree student. In addition to meeting minor requirements, students must earn from The University of Montana-Missoula a minimum of 9 credits in the minor field and 15 credits overall.

Grade Requirement

Courses taken to satisfy the requirements of the minor must be completed with a grade of C- or better.

A minimum grade average of 2.00 in all work attempted in the minor at The University of Montana-Missoula is required for graduation with the minor.

Teaching Minors

Teaching minors are separate entities from degree minors as described in this section. Teaching minors are identified and requirements listed in the School of Education section of this catalog.