Forestry and Conservation Course Listing

Course Descriptions

Forestry

• FORS 019 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. (R 6) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one time offerings of current topics.

• FORS 130 - Intro Forestry Field Skills

  Credits: 2. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., Forestry major or consent of instructor. This course is focused on developing introductory forestry field skills through experiential learning at the College’s Lubrecht Experimental Forest. Classroom lecture and experiences that introduce students to orienteering, map reading, GPS, tree measurements, fire and fuels management, recreation, human dimensions, hydrology, wood products, and the careers possible with a Forestry degree.

• FORS 140 - Urban Forestry

  Credits: 2. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. An introduction to urban forestry principles and practices. Benefits of the urban forest. Topics covered include plant species selection, site design, site assessment, planting, watering, fertilization, insects and diseases, pruning and tree care, inventory of property values, and community forestry development.

• FORS 191 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. (R-6) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

• FORS 192 - Independent Study

  Credits: 1 TO 3. Level: Undergraduate. (R-3) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Problems course designed to allow individual research at the undergraduate level.

• FORS 200 - Forest Res Measurements Camp

  Credits: 2. Level: Undergraduate. Offered summer. Intensive two-week resident camp at the Lubrecht Experimental Forest. Introduction to the common measurements and skills used in identifying, quantifying, and understanding natural resources.

• FORS 201 - Forest Biometrics

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., M 115 or M 121 or M 122 or M 151 or M 162 or M 171 or M 172. Introduction to probability and statistical methods for forestry and environmental sciences covering natural resource applications of common probability distributions, data analysis, hypothesis testing, and regression.

• FORS 202 - Forest Mensuration

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Prereq., FORS 201 or STAT 216 or SOCI 202 or WILD 240; and M 121 and M 122 or M 151 or M 162 or M 171 or M 172. The theory and practice of timber inventory and growth projection, including field measurements, sampling procedures, statistical methods, inventory compilation, and stand growth simulation under specified management prescriptions. Stand growth under specified management prescriptions.

• FORS 230 - Forest Fire Management

  Credits: 2. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Fire as an ecological factor in Western forests is presented.  Fire weather, the measurement of fire weather, and the factors of fuel, weather and topography that influence fire behavior, and fire management decisions are included.  NFDRS, state and national fire policy evolutions are discussed.  Basic fire suppression tactics are also presented.

• FORS 232 - Forest Insects & Diseases

  Credits: 2. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Identification, significance of and remedies for insect infestations and infectious and non-infectious diseases of forests and forest products.

• FORS 235 - Prob Solving for Forest Oper

  Credits: 4. Level: Undergraduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., M 115 or M 121 or M 151 or M 162 or M 171 or M 172.  Introduction to problem solving including the fundamentals of statics and mechanics of materials presented in the context of forest operations.

• FORS 240 - Tree Biology

  Credits: 2. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn and spring. Suggested coreq., FORS 241N. The physical and biological requirements for the growth and development of trees. Discussions of: identification, classification, range, and economic importance of the major tree species of North America.

• FORS 241N - Dendrology

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn and spring. Suggested coreq., FORS 240. Methods and techniques for identifying the major families of North American trees, based on gross morphological and anatomical features. Building and use of identification keys.

  Course Attributes:

  • Natural Science Lab Course

• FORS 250 - Intro to GIS for Forest Mgt

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered every term. Open to sophomores or juniors or with consent of instructor. This course is designed as a practical introduction to the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for storing, retrieving, analyzing and displaying spatial data. It will also cover the history of cartography and the conventions of the modern map-making process.

• FORS 291 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. (R-6) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors; new courses or one-time offerings of current topics.

• FORS 292 - Independent Study

  Credits: 1 TO 3. Level: Undergraduate. (R-3) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Individual research at the undergraduate level.

• FORS 307 - Forest Veg Mgt Models

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. (R-6) Offered intermittently. Consent of instr. Hands on experience in applying the common simulation models used by forest managers in forecasting the development of forest vegetation. Includes elements of model building and evaluation.

• FORS 320 - Forest Environmental Economics

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., ECNS 201S; and M 121 and M 122 or M 151 or M 162 or M 171 or M 172.  Economic techniques to support decision making about the allocation of scarce resources, and management of forests for timber and other ecosystem services.

• FORS 330 - Forest Ecology

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., FORS 210 or ENSC 245N or NRSM 210N; and BIOO 105N or BIOB 170N or BIOE 172 or BIOB 160N or FORS 240; and FORS 201 or STAT 216 or SOCI 202 or WILD 240 or PSYX 222. Examination of physical and biological factors affecting forest structure, composition, and function, including biodiversity, disturbance, and nutrient cycling. Field labs throughout Northern Rockies including developing skills in field observation, data interpretation and problem solving.

• FORS 331 - Wildland Fuel Management

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., FORS 230 or consent of instr. The fire ecology of some western vegetation types is discussed.  Elements of the principles of wildland fuel management are presented.  Prescribed fire use and mechanical manipulation are matched to historic ecosystem processes.  Smoke management considerations and health issues are also presented.  

• FORS 333 - Basic&Applied Fire Ecology

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Prereq., FORS 230. A detailed, analysis of fire ecology in terrestrial ecosystems with a focus on the Rocky Mountains, including fire history, fire effects, landscape pattern, land use legacies, and management implications.

• FORS 340 - Forest Product Manufacturing

  Credits: 2. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. Survey of the manufacture of wood-based products generated from timber harvest. Laboratory field trips to several local manufacturing facilities.

  Course Attributes:

  • Writing Course-Upper-Division

• FORS 341 - Timber Harvesting & Roads

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Prereq., NRSM 200 or WRIT 222. An overview of harvesting system capabilities and selection for multiple resource objectives. Fundamentals of forest road management. Best management practices as they apply to forest operations in Montana and the western United States.

• FORS 342 - Wood Anatomy, Properties, & ID

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Prereq., BIOO 105N or FORS 240 or FORS 241N. Lecture and laboratory investigation of the structure, identification and physical and mechanical properties of the commercial tree species of North America.

• FORS 347 - Multiple Resource Silviculture

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Prereq., FORS 330 or BIOE 370. Credit not allowed for both FORS 347 and 349. An introduction to the concepts and application of silvicultural techniques to forest ecosystems to meet multiple resource objectives.

• FORS 349 - Practice of Silviculture

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered fall. Prereq., FORS 202 or FORS 302 and FORS 241. Coreq., FORS 330. Practice of Silviculture is designed primarily for Forestry majors (open to others with appropriate prerequisites), and will consider the conceptual foundations behind various silvicultural practices and techniques, as well as and their application in forest ecosystems to meet multiple resource objectives. The course will cover natural stand dynamics, stand assessment and site classification schemes, even- and uneven-aged silvicultural systems, thinning/stand density concepts, regeneration practices, stand diagnosis and prescription development, vegetative management strategies for diverse objectives, along with quantitative assessment and modeling of alternative prescriptions.

• FORS 350 - Forestry Apps of GIS

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Prereq., FORS 250 or FORS 284 or GPHY 284. Introduction to the basic concepts and techniques of computerized spatial data management and analysis systems and application to natural resource management.

• FORS 351 - Env Remote Sensing

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. The theory and application of photo- and electro-optical remote sensing for mapping resources and developing information systems.

• FORS 391 - Special Topics

  Credits: 0 TO 12. Level: Undergraduate. (R-12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

• FORS 392 - Independent Study

  Credits: 1 TO 3. Level: Undergraduate. (R-10) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Individual study or research problems.

• FORS 398 - Internship

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. Offered every term. Prereq., consent of department. Extended classroom experience that provides practical application of classroom learning during placements off campus. Prior approval must be obtained from the faculty supervisor and the Internship Services office. A maximum of 6 credits of Internship (198, 298, 398, 498) may count toward graduation.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internships/Practicums
  • Internship graduation limit 6

• FORS 430 - Forest Meteorology

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., Consent of instr. A brief introduction to synoptic and mesoscale meteorology, followed by more intense study of physics in the forest environment: transfers of heat, light and momentum and their influences on plant structure, function, productivity and survival.

• FORS 434 - Advanced Forest Roads

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., FORS 341. The purpose of this course is to help students understand the principles and skills of forest road design and the concepts of forest transportation planning. The course will cover the basic topics of road location, design, construction, and maintenance and provide students with techniques to identify the combination of roads, facilities and transport systems which minimize costs and negative environmental impacts.

• FORS 435 - Advaced Timber Harvesting

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn. Prereqs., FORS 341. This course covers the fundamentals of logging feasibility and cost analyses of various timber harvesting systems including the characteristics and performance of ground vehicles, cable and aerial systems; cost factors and cost analysis procedures; safety issues; and environmental impacts of harvesting systems .

• FORS 436 - Project Appraisal

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., FORS 320 or consent of instructor. A suite of techniques, collectively referred to as project appraisal methods, facilitate evaluation of alternative projects. In this applied, computer laboratory-based course, students will become familiar with the use of discounted cash flow analysis and mathematical programing to evaluate proposed courses of action and recommend the economically efficient alternative. Skills will be developed applying these techniques to problems faced by natural resource managers and policy-makers.

• FORS 440 - Forest Stand Management

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., FORS 202 or 302; FORS 341; FORS 347 or 349. The management and manipulation of forest stands to reach multiple objectives, with a focus on the planning of forest operations for a community partner.

• FORS 441 - Forest Contract Admin

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., FORS 440 or consent of instructor. The development of project documents, bidding procedures, and contracts for forest operations.

• FORS 442 - Tech Proc of Wood Products

  Credits: 5. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., FORS 340. Lecture, discussion, laboratory manufacture, and evaluation of solid and composite wood products. Exercises include lumber manufacture and drying at College's sawmill; plywood, laminated beam manufacture and strength testing; particle board and flakeboard manufacture and testing.

• FORS 447 - Advanced Silviculture

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., FORS 347 or FORS 349 or consent of instr. Examination of silvicultural topics such as regeneration practices, thinning/stand density concepts, and silvicultural systems at an advanced level.

• FORS 481 - Forest Planning

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring. Prereq., FORS 320; FORS 347 or FORS 349 or consent of instr. Integrated multiple use planning at the forest-wide level: defining multi-resource management goals, generating management alternatives, projecting outcomes, assessing environmental impacts, and implementing preferred option.

• FORS 491 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 12. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

• FORS 492 - Independent Study

  Credits: 1 TO 3. Level: Undergraduate. (R-10) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Individual study or research problems.

• FORS 495 - Wildland RxFire Practicum

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered wintersession. Co-convened with FORS 544. Prereq. Fire experience and Consent of Instructor. An intensive field course providing students with technical training, practical applications, and theoretical foundations in ecological burning for restoration purposes. Class is typically held in southeastern United States.

  Course Attributes:

  • Co-Convened Course

• FORS 498 - Internship

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Extended classroom experience which provides practical application of classroom learning during placements off-campus. Prior approval must be obtained from faculty advisor and Internship Services office. A maximum of 6 credits of Internship (198, 298, 398, 498) may count toward graduation.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internships/Practicums
  • Internship graduation limit 6

• FORS 499 - Senior Thesis

  Credits: 1 TO 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., senior standing and consent of instr. Preparation of a major paper based on study or research in a field selected according to the needs and objectives of the student.

• FORS 500 - Forest Growth and Yield

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., consent of instr. Offered alternate years. Theory and methods for projecting quantitative measures of tree and stand growth over time; includes analysis of computer growth and yield models used in the region.

• FORS 503 - GIS:Meth & Applic I

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., consent of instr. Introduction to the theory and development of statistical gradient and predictive distribution models in the resource and conservation sciences.  Course will develop climatic, edaphic, biophysical, and inventory data sources for use in predictive distribution modeling.  Survey of multiple modeling approaches, limitations and assumptions, and applications in the resource and conservation fields.  Emphasis on the integration of GIS and raster analysis methods with spatial and non-spatial statistical techniques.

• FORS 504 - GIS:Meth & Applic II

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., FORS 503. Continuation of 503.

• FORS 505 - Sampling Methods

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring. Prereq., consent of instr. Fundamentals of statistical sampling emphasizing natural and environmental resource applications.  Principles of inferences and alternative estimators are studied in the context of simple random, systematic, unequal probability, stratified, and 3P/Poisson designs.  Variable radius plot sampling, line intersect sampling, and other probability proportional to size designs used in forest and ecological inventories are also covered.

• FORS 508 - Modeling Forest Dynamics

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., FORS 500 and some experience with statistical methods and a programming language. Introduction to the construction of simulation models for forecasting change in forest vegetation. Survey of alternative modeling approaches followed by construction of a simulator. Includes specification of conceptual model, statistical analysis of data, and programming a working simulator.

• FORS 521 - Heur. Opt. for For. Plan.

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring even-numbered years. Prereq. FORS 481 or equiv. and consent of instr. Modern heuristic optimization techniques and their applications to solving spatially explicit forest planning problems. 

• FORS 533 - Use Fire Wldland Mgmt

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., consent of instr. Evolution of federal fire policy is discussed.  Western fire ecology and the planned use of fire for wildlife, range, and forest applications of prescribed fire are presented.  Fire behavior and a fire science vocabulary are introduced.  Students review literature, present seminars, and lead discussions.  

• FORS 535 - Applied Forest Ecology

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Prereq., graduate status or consent of instructor. This course covers the use of ecological theory and data in the design of silvicultural treatments to achieve multiple management objectives, with particular emphasis on forest restoration and climate change adaptation. We examine methods of silvicultural design, including use of historical and contemporary reference conditions, and climate adaptation strategies. Analysis exercises use the open source statistical program and language R for data analysis, visualization, and modeling, especially of spatial point pattern data. Introduction to monitoring and adaptive management of silvicultural treatments.

• FORS 538 - Ecological Statistics

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered in the Fall. Prerequisites: STAT451/452 or equivalent.  This is an applied course covering advanced statistical modeling techniques using examples from forestry, ecology, and the environmental sciences.  Covers data management, visualization, and scripting with R, an open source data analysis and statistics platform. Explores various parametric and semi-parametric modeling strategies that allow for non-linear response functions and/or non-Gaussian response distributions.  Estimation and inference in the context of generalized linear models, generalized additive models, and classification and regression trees are discussed using examples from the scientific literature.  Lays the foundation for subsequent graduate-level analytic coursework.  

• FORS 540 - Distrubance Ecology

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Prereq., graduate status or consent of instructor. This course covers foundational disturbance ecological concepts; examines important and influential disturbance ecology theories; and introduces important disturbance agents and processes operating in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems.

• FORS 544 - Adv. Wildland RXFire Practicum

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered wintersession. Co-convened with FORS 495. Prereq. Consent of Instructor. An intensive field course providing students with technical training, practical applications, and theoretical foundations in ecological burning for restoration purposes. Students will practice leadership skills by supervising and training fire personnel in application of prescribed fire. Class typically held in southeastern United States.  Credit is not allowed for both FORS495 Wildland Prescribed Fire Practicum and FORS544 Prescribed Fire Practicum.

  Course Attributes:

  • Co-Convened Course

• FORS 545 - Silviculture Research

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-6) Offered intermittently. Prereq., consent of instr.; prereq. or coreq., FOR 347 or equiv. Reading and discussion of scientific literature related to silvicultural practice and science. Different topic each semester. Students become familiar with silviculture literature, develop skills for scrutinizing scientific literature, and examine silvicultural topics in detail.

• FORS 547 - Forest Vegetation Dynamics

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., consent of instr. Role of disturbances, plant interactions, tree architecture, and structure on forest stand development. Laboratory provides experience with vegetation development reconstruction. Discusses even-aged, uneven-aged, single- and mixed-species stand development as well as landscape linkages.

• FORS 548 - For Stand Dynam & Culture

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., consent of instr. One-week continuing education course designed to present emerging concepts in stand dynamics and stand culture to practicing silviculturists. Topics include even- and uneven-aged stand dynamics and density control, fire management, fertilization, and stand health.

• FORS 551 - Digital Image Processing

  Credits: 4. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., FORS 351 or consent of instr. Fundamentals of electro-optical digital remote sensors, data compilation, preprocessing, and pattern recognition.

• FORS 594 - Graduate Seminar

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-12). Offered Spring.  Prereq. graduate standing.  Presentations by students, faculty, and professionals on issues and topics in their field.   

• FORS 595 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 12. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internships/Practicums

• FORS 596 - Independent Study

  Credits: 1 TO 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-10) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Individual study or research problems.

  Course Attributes:

  • Service Learning/Volunteer

• FORS 598 - Internship

  Credits: 1 TO 15. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-15) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Extended classroom experience which provides practical application of classroom learning during placements off campus. Prior approval must be obtained from the faculty supervisor and the Internship Services office.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internships/Practicums

• FORS 599 - Professional Paper

  Credits: 1 TO 15. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-15) Offered autumn and spring. Preparation of Master of Ecosystem Management professional paper.

• FORS 697 - Graduate Research

  Credits: 1 TO 15. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-15) Offered every term. Independent graduate research in forest management, wood science, soils, wildlife management, silviculture, recreation and other topic areas.

• FORS 699 - Thesis

  Credits: 1 TO 15. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-15) Offered every term. Preparation of thesis/dissertation.

Nat Resourc Science & Mgmt

• NRSM 121S - Nature of Montana

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn.  An exploration of the major natural resource management issues facing the people of Montana and the social processes to manage environmental conflicts. Provides an introduction to the function of ecological systems and the impacts of human uses on the environment and looks at strategies for addressing global climate change, ex-urban population growth, and protecting environmental quality.

  Course Attributes:

  • Social Sciences Course

• NRSM 170 - International Envir. Change

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. An introduction to natural and anthropogenic environmental change from ancient to contemporary times. Exploration of the historical role and importance of ecological disturbance on the development and maintenance of terrestrial ecosystems around the world. Introduction to fields of study available in the College of Forestry and Conservation.

• NRSM 180 - Careers in Natural Resources

  Credits: 2. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn and spring. Subject matter and fields of study within natural resources management. Topics include forestry, wildlife biology, range, water, recreation management, forest products production, and other opportunities for careers in natural resources.

• NRSM 191 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. (R-6) Offered intermittently.  Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one time offerings of current topics.

• NRSM 200 - Nat.Resource Professional Wrtg

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered fall and spring to College of Forestry and Conservation majors. Prereq., WRIT 101. Students synthesize scientific literature and, using appropriate evidence and APA style, write natural-resources-based documents appropriate for distribution to scientists, managers, and the public.

  Course Attributes:

  • Writing Course-Approved

• NRSM 210N - Soils, Water and Climate

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Prereq., M 115 or M 121 or M 122 or M 151 or M 162 or M 171 or M 172. The factors affecting earth’s terrestrial ecosystems are rapidly changing, and understanding their impact on ecosystem services to humanity is becoming increasingly important and yet complex. In this course, students will explore how climate, water and soils interact to shape Earth’s biosphere. We will introduce students to a number of fundamental concepts in climate, hydrology, and soil science to gain a comprehensive view of the factors that shape and affect all terrestrial ecosystems. Through a series of lectures and field-based laboratories, students will be introduced to the fundamental principles of climate and hydrology that influence soil development, how they vary across small spatial scales, and how these physical, chemical, and biological processes interact to affect soil development. Ultimately, this class will introduce students to intimate relationship between climate, water, and soils, and how they interact to affect patterns of vegetation we see across the biosphere.

  Course Attributes:

  • Natural Science Lab Course
  • Natural Science Course

• NRSM 215 - Field Studies in Conservation

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Open to Resource Conservation Majors. Field study focusing on flora and fauna, history of land use and ecological change, contemporary forest management, conservation and community development in western Montana.

• NRSM 246N - Ecology & Biology of S Qld

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered summer. General overview of ecological, biological and geological principles, as examined through the natural history and environmental management of ecosystems of Queensland, Australia.  Field projects include developing skills in scientific hypothesizing, field observation techniques, data interpretation and implications.

  Course Attributes:

  • Natural Science Lab Course
  • Natural Science Course

• NRSM 265 - Elements of Ecological Restora

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., one course in the ecological or biological sciences: BIOO 105N, BIOB 160N, BIOB 170N, BIOB 172, BIOE 370, BIOE 428, BIOE 447 or BIOE 448; or FORS 330; or NRSM 271N or NRSM 462 or consent of instructor. Overview of the natural and social science elements of ecological restoration, including the ecological foundations of restoration, practices used to restore terrestrial and aquatic habitats, philosophical and ethical challenges involved, and current initiatives in Montana and the United States. Includes Saturday field trips.

• NRSM 271N - Conservation Ecology

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. An overview of ecological concepts and how ecology is applied to further our understanding of ecosystems and conservation.  Topics include: ecosystems functions and values, biomes, natural selection and speciation, biodiversity, succession, climate change, fragmentation, protected areas, impacts of exotic species and other human influences on ecosystem functions.

  Course Attributes:

  • Natural Science Course

• NRSM 273 - Wilderness/Civ Field Stds

  Credits: 1 TO 3. Level: Undergraduate. (R-6) Offered autumn and spring.  Field studies in ecology and conservation.  Includes natural history, field journaling, ecological monitoring, protected area management, and community conservation.  One-day trips as well as extended backcountry trips.  Part of the Wilderness and Civilization program.  

• NRSM 291 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 12. Level: Undergraduate. (R 12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors; new courses or one time offerings of current topics.

• NRSM 311 - Field Stds ecol/Human Commun

  Credits: 2 TO 3. Level: Undergraduate. (R-12) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Via extended backcountry travel, experiential examination of the structure and function of the ecosystems occurring within the course area. Also investigates the relationship of those ecosystems with the people that manage, live, and work in the area. Offered by the Wild Rockies Field Institute.

• NRSM 321 - Field Stds Energy Syst Montana

  Credits: 2 TO 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered Summer. Via an extended bicycle tour of Montana, students examine a variety of energy developments and their environmental, social, and economic implications.

• NRSM 335 - Environmental Entomology

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn odd years. An introduction to the importance of insects in ecosystem function and process, and their use in ecological monitoring as indicators of ecological change, degradation, and the efficacy of ecological restoration efforts. This course also covers the effects of climate change and biological invasions in the context of both pest and beneficial insect species.

• NRSM 345 - Watershed Dynamics

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Coreq. ENST 291, 391 392, NRSM 346. Offered each autumn by Northwest Connections. Via hands on application in rural Montana, students investigate watershed function; introductory stream hydrology and morphology; and fish, amphibian and aquatic furbearer habitat characteristics. The course also explores impacts of road building, timber harvest, and watershed fragmentation on watershed and stream function, fish habitat, and fish populations.

• NRSM 352 - Himalayan Environment and Dev

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered summer only. Coreq., PTRM 353.  This course covers the contentious issues surrounding environment and development in the Himalaya using the Garhwal region of India as the example.

• NRSM 360 - Rangeland Mgt (equiv 260)

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., junior standing or consent of instr. An introduction to rangelands and their management, grazing influences, class of animal, grazing capacity, control of livestock distribution, improvements, competition and interrelationships with wildlife. Laboratory exercises to gain on-site experience on topics and concepts presented in lectures.

• NRSM 361 - Rangeland Mgt lab (equiv 261)

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. U 361 Range Forage Plants 3 cr. Offered autumn. Prereq. junior standing or consent of instructor. Description, identification, forage value and ecology of forage plants of the western United States; important weed species, management of grazing lands, and the relationship of ecophysiology and morphology to grazing response.

• NRSM 363 - Range Forage Plants

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., junior standing or consent of instructor. Description, identification, forage value and ecology of forage plants of the western United States; important weed species, management of grazing lands, and the relationship of ecophysiology and morphology to grazing response.

• NRSM 365 - Foundations of Restoration Ec

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Prereq., junior or senior standing and NRSM 265 and one 300-400 level ecology courses: BIOE 370, BIOE 428, BIOE 447, BIOE 448, FORS 330, or NRSM 462. This course covers the primary ecological theories that inform the practice of ecological restoration. Topics include the dynamic nature of ecological systems,community assembly, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning food web dynamics, ecological engineering, macroecology, and statistical issues and study design.

• NRSM 370S - Wildland Conserv Pol/Govrnance

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn and spring. Examination of the historical, philosophical, and legislative background for development and management of our national system of wilderness areas, wild and scenic rivers, trails, and national parks; their place in our social structure. Part of the Wilderness and Civilization program.

  Course Attributes:

  • Social Sciences Course

• NRSM 374 - Yellowstone Studies

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Ecological and sociopolitical perspectives on the greater Yellowstone ecosystem. Topics include winter ecology, biodiversity conservation, national park planning and management, winter recreation, fire, and wildlife. Field course in the Yellowstone area. Part of the Wilderness and Civilization Program.

• NRSM 379 - Collab in Nat Res Decisions

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. Political and social processes affecting natural resource decisions. Examination of cases of multi-party collaboration in forestry, range, and watershed management issues.

  Course Attributes:

  • Writing Course-Upper-Division

• NRSM 380 - Environmental Conservation

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., junior standing. The interrelationships of resource conservation problems and programs; management and conservation in the context of an expanding economy

• NRSM 385 - Watershed Hydrology

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., M 115 or M 121 or M 122 or M 151 or M 162 or M 171 or M 172. An introduction to physical and biological controls over water movement and storage in the environment, and how those controls are affected by land management practices.

• NRSM 386 - Watershed Hydrology Lab

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn and spring. Coreq., NRSM 385 or consent of instr. An introduction to basic watershed measurement and analysis techniques. Lab exercises designed around the use of spreadsheets and computer graphics.

• NRSM 391 - Special Topics

  Credits: 0 TO 12. Level: Undergraduate. (R 12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors; new courses or one time offerings of current topics.

• NRSM 398 - Internship

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. Offered every term. Prereq., consent of department. Extended classroom experience that provides practical application of classroom learning during placements off campus. Prior approval must be obtained from the faculty supervisor and the Internship Services office. A maximum of 6 credits of Internship (198, 298, 398, 498) may count toward graduation.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internships/Practicums

• NRSM 404 - Wilderness in American Context

  Credits: 4. Level: Undergraduate. An expansive treatment of the history of the wilderness preservation movement in the United States.  Introduction to the successive influences of philosophy, science, art and politics on society's relationship with wilderness.  Discussion of the Wilderness Act of 1964.

• NRSM 408 - Global Cycles and Climate

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring even-numbered years.  An analysis of the earth’s major global biogeochemical cycles with a focus on the ways and extent to which each of them influences and interacts with the global climate system.  

• NRSM 415 - Environmental Soil Science

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring odd-numbered years Prereq., ENSC 245N or NRSM 210N or consent of instr. A detailed analysis of the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils and how they function, with a focus on soil processes and how they affect, and are affected by human activities. Specific topics include element cycling, water quality, the effects of environmental change soil biogeochemistry, plant-soil interactions, and the consequences of large-scale disturbances on soil processes.

• NRSM 418 - Ecosystem Climatology

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere to advanced undergraduate students and graduate students. This course will explore the interactions between Earth’s biosphere and atmosphere and how they affect climate over a range of scales. We will focus on the exchange of energy, mass, and important elements between the biosphere and atmosphere and how this exchange can lead to fascinating feedbacks in Earth’s climate system. Basic physics and math is not required but it is recommended.

• NRSM 422 - Nat Res Policy/Administration

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn and spring. Policy formation in the United States and a survey of the major resource policies interpreted in their historical and political contexts.

• NRSM 424 - Community Forestry & Conservtn

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Co-convened with NRSM 524. In-depth examination of the history, theory and management issues faced in community-driven forestry and conservation in the United States and abroad.  Cannot get credit for both NRSM 424 and NRSM 524.

  Course Attributes:

  • Co-Convened Course

• NRSM 425 - Nat Res & Envir Economics

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered alternate spring. Prereq., ENSC 201S or FORS 320; and M 115, M 121, M 122, M 151, M 162, M 171, or 172. Introduction to analytical approaches for economic analysis of management of non-renewable resources, fisheries, forests, threatened and endangered species, and the atmosphere.

• NRSM 426 - Climate and Society

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Co-convened with NRSM 526. This course examines the social and political aspects of climate change, with a focus on international and domestic processes and cases. Cannot get credit for both NRSM 426 and NRSM 526.

  Course Attributes:

  • Co-Convened Course

• NRSM 444 - Ecological RestorationCapstone

  Credits: 5. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Prereq., junior or senior standing in Wildland Restoration and successful completion of NRSM 265 and one advanced ecology course: BIOE 370, BIOE 428, BIOE 447, BIOE 448, FORS 330, or NRSM 462; and completion or concurrent enrollment in NRSM 365. This service-learning course teaches students about designing and implementing restoration and monitoring projects. The course includes lectures, labs, and hands-on experience working with ecologists and restoration practitioners from local government agencies, NGOs, or other organizations.

• NRSM 449E - Climate Change Ethics/Policy

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn. Same as CCS 449E. This course focuses on the ethical dimensions of climate change policy. It will cover the following major topics: (1) climate change, personal and collective responsibilities, (2) ethics, climate change and scientific uncertainty, (3) distributive justice and international climate change negotiations, (4) intergenerational justice and climate change policy.

  Course Attributes:

  • Ethical & Human Values Course

• NRSM 455 - Riparian Ecology & Management

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered intermittently. Prereqs., successful completion or concurrent enrollment in NRSM 385 and completion of one of the following introductory ecology courses: BIOE 172, BIOE 370, BIOE 428, BIOE 447, BIOE 448, FORS 330, or NRSM 462. Importance of riparian/wetland areas and the complexities associated with their management for short and long term benefits.

• NRSM 460 - Range Inventory & Analysis

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., NRSM 360 and STATS 216, FORS 201, SOCI 202, WILD 240 or PSYX 222. Methods of measuring range and shrub-land vegetation at individual and community level for determining plant composition, changes following treatments, and carrying capacity of range livestock and native ungulates.

• NRSM 462 - Rangeland Ecology

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring. We will discuss the ecological principles and processes that drive the structure and function of rangeland ecosystems. We will focus on the intersections of plant, animal, ecosystem, and landscape ecology. We will weave in discussions of management to understand how rangeland dynamics contribute and respond to differing management paradigms.

• NRSM 475 - Environment & Development

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring. Co-convened with NRSM 575. Examines key social forces that influence how individuals, groups and nation-states understand and live within their bio-physical environments, especially policies and processes relating to development, corporate capitalism, globalization, culture, class and other forms of power and social relations. Pays close attention to ways both indigenous and introduced resource use and management practices (including conservation) variably impact people of different races, classes, genders, cultures and livelihood practices. Cannot get credit for both NRSM 475 and NRSM 575.

  Course Attributes:

  • Co-Convened Course

• NRSM 485 - Watershed Management

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., NRSM 385 or consent of instr. Effects of land management practices on water and sediment yields from wildland watersheds. Introduction to statistical methods in hydrology. Introduction to water yield and sediment modeling techniques.

• NRSM 489E - Ethics Forestry & Conservation

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., lower division course in Perspective 5 or consent of instr.; senior standing.  Theoretical and practical ethical issues affecting the management of natural resources in national forests and on other public lands.

  Course Attributes:

  • Ethical & Human Values Course

• NRSM 494 - Seminar in Ecol Restoration

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Prereq., senior standing and successful completion or concurrent enrollment in NRSM 495; and consent of instr.  This seminar provides a forum for students to share the results of practicum projects conducted in NRSM 495.  Each student will lead at least one seminar during the semester.

• NRSM 495 - Ecological Restor Practicum

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. (R-6) Offered every semester. Prereq., senior standing in the WLR major and successful completion of NRSM 444 (FOR 444), a faculty-approved practicum proposal; and consent of instructor.  The goal of this service-learning practicum is for students to gain real-world experience in the practice of ecological restoration. Students will implement aspects of a restoration or monitoring plan for a local management agency, organization or other sponsor.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internships/Practicums

• NRSM 498 - Internship

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Extended classroom experience which provides practical application of classroom learning during placements off-campus. Prior approval must be obtained from faculty advisor and Internship Services office. A maximum of 6 credits of Internship (198, 298, 398, 498) may count toward graduation.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internship graduation limit 6

• NRSM 499 - Senior Thesis

  Credits: 1 TO 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-3) Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., senior standing and consent of instr. Preparation of a major paper based on study or research in a field selected according to the needs and objectives of the student.

• NRSM 501 - Research Methods

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., a course in statistics or consent of instr. The nature of scientific research, planning research projects, organization and presentation of research results. Emphasis on the development of study plans for specific research projects.

• NRSM 513 - Nat Res Conflict Resolution

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn. Same as ENST 513 and LAW 613. Examines the basic framework for preventing and resolving natural resource and environmental conflicts in America. Reviews the history of alternative approaches, emphasizes the theory and practice of collaboration, and considers future trends. This highly interactive course uses lectures, guest speakers, case studies, and simulations.

• NRSM 515 - Enivro Negotiation Mediation

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Same as COMM 515 and ENST 515. This course prepares students to effectively engage in multiparty negotiation on natural resource and environmental issues. It is grounded in theory and provides an opportunity to develop practical skills in both negotiation and facilitation/mediation. Guest speakers, case studies, and simulations allow students to develop, test, and refine best practices. The course is face-paced, highly interactive, and serves as the second of three required courses in the Natural Resources Conflict Resolution Program.

• NRSM 520 - Forest Resource Economics

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., FORS 320 or equiv., an upper-division or graduate level course in microeconomics, and consent of instr. The demand for, and supply of, commodity products from the forest, including characteristics of demand for stumpage, logs and processed products, forest management and harvesting decisions, and the supply of stumpage, intermediate and processed products.

• NRSM 524 - Community Forestry & Conservtn

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring. Co-convened with NRSM 424. In-depth examination of agroforestry, community forestry, and opportunities and constraints to the use of trees in rural development and protected areas management.

  Course Attributes:

  • Co-Convened Course

• NRSM 526 - Climate and Society

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring. Co-convened with NRSM 426. This course applies relevant social and political theory to the problem of climate change and examines the social science of climate change. Cannot get credit for both NRSM 426 and NRSM 526.

  Course Attributes:

  • Co-Convened Course

• NRSM 532 - Forest Ecosystem Analysis

  Credits: 3. Level: Graduate. Offered spring. Graduate standing only. Logical strategies for transforming ecosystem complexity into simplified simulation models with emphasis on space/time scaling and environmental policy relevance.

• NRSM 560 - Am Wilderness Phil & Policy

  Credits: 4. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. History of the American Wilderness idea and associated policies, including the Wilderness Act and implementing regulations.  Current management challenges also covered.

• NRSM 561 - Manag Wilderness Ecosystems

  Credits: 4. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Ecosystem science and policies and management practices related to managing specific resources, such as air, wildlife, and water, within wilderness.  Management of non-conforming uses is also covered.

• NRSM 563 - Wilderness Planning

  Credits: 4. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Planning theory and effective plan development, including principles and practices of public involvement.  Includes examination of primary planning frameworks.

• NRSM 565 - Adv Probs Restoration Ecol

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., graduate standing and consent of instructor. This is a student-driven course that explores current topics in the theory and practice of restoration. Students will develop and implement a collaborative research project related to a current problem in restoration ecology or ecological restoration.

• NRSM 570 - Political Ecology

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Graduate seminar on key theories, issues and literature in the subfield of Political Ecology, an interdisciplinary environmental social science approach which integrates how political, economic, cultural and ecological processes interact and shape society nature relations. Case examples are drawn from both the North and South.

• NRSM 571 - Int'l Conserv & Develop

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring. Prereq., graduate standing. Critical review of selected international natural resource development, conservation and management approaches and experiences.

• NRSM 575 - Environment & Development

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring. Co-convened with NRSM 475. Examines key social forces that influence how individuals, groups and nation-states understand and live within their bio-physical environments, especially policies and processes relating to development, corporate capitalism, globalization, culture, class and other forms of power and social relations. Pays close attention to ways both indigenous and introduced resource use and management practices (including conservation) variably impact people of different races, classes, genders, cultures and livelihood practices.

• NRSM 579 - Collaborative Conservation

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-4) Offered every semester. Same as ENST 579 and LAW 679. Prerequisite, ENST 513 or consent of instructor. Designed as the capstone experience of the Natural Resources Conflict Resolution Program. Provides practical experience in multi-party collaboration and conflict resolution. Students may design their own project in consultation with the director of the NRCR Program, or participate in a project organized and convened by faculty. Projects may be conducted year-round.

• NRSM 582 - Trop Ecos & Mgmt

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring. Prereq., graduate standing or consent of instr. Introduction to tropical forests and agroecosystems, and a critical examination of their management and conservation within the context of ecological, socioeconomic and political change.

• NRSM 586 - Snow Hydrology

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., graduate standing or consent of instr. The physics of snow formation, distribution and ablation. Snow and forest management in the subalpine zone.

• NRSM 594 - Seminar

  Credits: 1 TO 4. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-12). Offered intermittently.  Prereq. graduate standing.  Presentations by student, faculty, and associates on issues and topics in their field.  

• NRSM 595 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 12. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-12) Offered intermittently.  Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one time offerings of current topics.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internships/Practicums

• NRSM 596 - Indepedent Study

  Credits: 1 TO 12. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-12) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Individual study or research problems.

  Course Attributes:

  • Service Learning/Volunteer

• NRSM 597 - Graduate Research

  Credits: 1 TO 15. Level: Graduate. (R-15) Offered every term. Independent graduate research in forest management, wood science, soils, wildlife management, silviculture, recreation and other topic areas.

• NRSM 598 - Internship

  Credits: 1 TO 2. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-12) Offered every term.  Practical application of academic learning in an off-campus placement.  Prior approval must be obtained from faculty supervisor.

• NRSM 599 - Professional Paper

  Credits: 1 TO 15. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-15) Offered every term.  Professional paper preparation.

• NRSM 622 - Advanced Prolems in Env Policy

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring even-numbered years.  Examines environmental policy problems and contemporary issues in environmental policy, law, and administration.  Policy tools, concepts and research resources introduced.  Numerous problems, themes, and issues in environmental policy analyzed.  Readings-based seminar; students lead most reviews and discussions.

• NRSM 695 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 12. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-12) Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

• NRSM 697 - Graduate Research

  Credits: 1 TO 15. Level: Graduate. (R-15) Offered every term. Independent graduate research in forest management, wood science, soils, wildlife management, silviculture, recreation and other topic areas.

• NRSM 699 - Thesis

  Credits: 1 TO 15. Level: Graduate. (R-15) Offered every term.  Thesis/dissertation preparation.

Parks, Tour & Recreation Mgmt

• PTRM 355 - Wild. Med. And Risk Mgmt.

  Credits: 5. Level: Undergraduate. This course will train students in injury and illness prevention in a backcountry setting while emphasizing risk management principles. The course also trains students in the treatment and long-term management of medical emergencies in the backcountry, including improvised litters and splints. Instructors cover decision making involved in dislocation reduction, medication administration, and evacuation protocols.  Risk management topics include participant screening, emergency response plans, risk matrices, and incident reporting. Co-requisites include HHP 332, Emergency Medical Technician and Incident Management; and PTRM 356, Wilderness Rescue and Survival Skills.

• PTRM 356 - Wild. Rescue and Survival

  Credits: 5. Level: Undergraduate. This course is ideal for outdoor leaders involved in extended backcountry trips and those individuals seeking employment with search and rescue units, ski patrols and wilderness trip leading organizations. Students will be prepared to handle emergencies in high-elevation, winter conditions as well as in tropical and swiftwater environments. They will also be prepared for extended care of patients and rescuers in remote and challenging environments. Students will study navigation including landform interpretation of maps and use of map rulers to determine lat/long and UTM coordinates, as well as practical use of maps, compass and GPS. The course includes 3 days of Swiftwater Rescue training, as well as 3 days of Level I Avalanche training. An overnight, winter rescue scenario typically in conjunction with Missoula County Sheriff’s Search and Rescue team, as well as training in rescue helicopter operations with St. Patrick Hospital’s LifeFlight medics, complete the suite of practical experiences. Co-Requisites include HHP 332, Emergency Medical Technician and Incident Management; and PTRM 355, Wilderness Medicine and Risk Management.

• PTRM 582 - Concept of Wilderness & PA

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-3). Offered autumn. Theoretical and philosophical imperatives for the establishment of different forms of parks, wilderness and protected areas.  In-depth discussion of the objectives and purposes for management of these areas, and of the current criticisms and attacks on their intellectual foundation. 

Wildlife Biology

• WBIO 171 - Wildlife Interest Group

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate. Discussion section for incoming students who do not qualify for freshman interest group in Wildlife Biology.

• WBIO 308 - Biology and Mgmnt of Fishes

  Credits: 4. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. Same as BIOL 308. Prereq., BIOL 108N, 109N, 223 and one year of college mathematics. Diversity, adaptations and ecology of fishes. Analysis and management of fish populations and communities.

Fish, Wildlife Science & Mgmt

• WILD 480 - The Upshot--Appld Wildlife Mgt

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring. Prereq/Coreq.,WILD 370 or WILD 470. Designed for students to apply their knowledge in the development of wildlife management planning.

Writing

• WRIT 222 - Technical Approach to Writing

  Credits: 2. Level: Undergraduate. Offered every term. Restricted to majors in Forsetry, Resource Management, Park and Recreation, Wilderness Studies, and Wildlife Biology. Emphasis on strategy, style and tone in effective technical prose. Traditions of technical writing and how to adopt a wide range of tones and styles in writing various technical documents to diverse audiences. Focus on more effective technical sentences, paragraphs and larger writing components. Assignments include analyses, summaries, employment documents, research reports, case studies and editing/revision exercises.

  Course Attributes:

  • Writing Course-Lower-Division
  • Writing Course-Approved

Course Descriptions

Fish, Wildlife Science & Mgmt

• WILD 105N - Wildlife & People

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. Intended for non-wildlife biology majors. Interactions of wildlife and people in today’s society.

  Course Attributes:

  • Natural Science Course

• WILD 170 - Fish & Wildlife Interest Group

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn.  Discussion section for incoming students who do not qualify for freshman interest group in Wildlife Biology.

• WILD 191 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. (R-6) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

• WILD 240 - Intro to Biostatistics

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn even-numbered years. Prereq., calculus and consent of instr. Same as BIOB 240. Introduction to statistical ecology: distributions, hypothesis testing, and fitting models to data with emphasis on problems in ecological sampling.

  Course Attributes:

  • Honors Course

• WILD 275 - Wildlife Conservation

  Credits: 2. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Prereq., sophomore standing or consent of instr. Principles of animal ecology and framework of wildlife administration as a basis for the conservation of wild birds and animals, and biodiversity. Intended for non-wildlife biology majors.

• WILD 291 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. (R-6) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

• WILD 346 - Wildlife Physiological Ecology

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., BIOB 272. How physiological and biochemical processes in animals influence behavior and ecology. Application of physiological approaches to wildlife conservation such as assessment of animal health, nutritional condition, and physiological performance.

• WILD 370 - Wildlife Habitat Cons & Mgmt

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., junior/senior standing in wildlife biology, BIOE 370, or consent of instr. Application of principles of wildlife biology to conservation and management of wild bird and mammal habitats including field applications.

• WILD 373 - Wildlife Techniques

  Credits: 2. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Prereq., any statistics course; one 300-level ecology or wildlife biology course. Lab and field oriented class in commonly-used wildlife research and management techniques.

• WILD 374 - Hunter Check Station

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate. (R-2) Offered autumn. Students learn techniques for determining species, age and sex of game animals, then work 3-5 days as volunteers at hunter check stations operated by management agencies.

• WILD 391 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 12. Level: Undergraduate. (R-12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

• WILD 392 - Independent Study

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. (R-6) Offered every term. Course material appropriate to the needs and objectives of the individual student.

• WILD 398 - Internship

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. (R-6) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of department. Extended classroom experience that provides practical application of classroom learning during placements off campus. Prior approval must be obtained from the faculty supervisor and the Internship Services office. A maximum of 6 credits of Internship (198, 298, 398, 498) may count toward graduation.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internships/Practicums
  • Internship graduation limit 6

• WILD 408 - Advanced Fisheries

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring. Prereq., BIOO 340. Quantitative analysis and interpretation of fish populations and community data for use in management. Selection, application and evaluation of management techniques.

• WILD 410 - Wildlife Policy & Biopolitics

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., junior standing. Overview of the laws affecting wildlife and how those laws are initiated, implemented, and enforced; impact of politics, interest groups, and agency jurisdictions.

• WILD 460 - Internat Wildlife Cons Issues

  Credits: 2. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring. Prereq., a course in wildlife biology and/or conservation biology. Review of major international wildlife conservation issues with emphasis on the social context of the issues and applied solutions.

• WILD 470 - Conserv of Wildlife Populatns

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., BIOE 370, M 162 or M 171, and senior standing in Biology, Forestry, Resource Conservation, Recreation Management or Wildlife Biology. Application of population ecology principles and theory to the conservation and management of wildlife populations.

  Course Attributes:

  • Writing Course-Upper-Division

• WILD 472 - Wildlife Hand & Chem Immobiliz

  Credits: 2. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring. Principles of wildlife chemical immobilization for researchers and managers.  Ethical and legal issues, field organization, animal care and handling, immobilizing drugs, drug delivery systems, animal monitoring and veterinary emergencies.  No labs.

• WILD 491 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 12. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

• WILD 492 - Independent Study

  Credits: 1 TO 10. Level: Undergraduate. (R-10) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Original investigations or problems not related to student's thesis.

• WILD 494 - Senior Wildlife Seminar

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., senior standing in wildlife biology or consent of instr. Analysis and discussion led by students of current topics in wildlife biology.

• WILD 498 - Internship

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. Offered every term. Prereq., consent of department. Extended classroom experience that provides practical application of classroom learning during placements off campus. Prior approval must be obtained from the faculty supervisor and the Internship Services office. A maximum of 6 credits of Internship (198, 298, 398, 498) may count toward graduation.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internships/Practicums
  • Internship graduation limit 6

• WILD 499 - Thesis

  Credits: 1 TO 3. Level: Undergraduate. (R-6) Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., consent of instr.; senior standing. Preparation of major paper based on study or research of a topic selected with an advisor according to needs and objectives of student.

• WILD 540 - Research Design

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring odd-numbered years. Prereq., introductory statistics course or consent of instr. Examination of study designs for experiments, quasiexperiments, observational studies, and sampling surveys with an emphasis on application.

• WILD 542 - Current Issues Biometrics

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-3) Offered every term. Prereq., introductory statistics course or consent of instr. Exploration of current topics in biometrics through discussions, student presentations, and analysis.

• WILD 545 - Strong Inference Science

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered every fall.  Graduate level, or consent of instructor for advanced undergraduates.  Teach principles and philosophy of conducting strong inference science.  Practical application to student’s own thesis research.

• WILD 560 - Langscape Conservation

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring. Examination of how various spatial and temporal scales influence wildlife and their habitats.

• WILD 562 - Wildlife Habitat Modeling

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn, odd years. Prereq., consent of instr. A survey of theory and applications in the study of resource selection by animals.

• WILD 563 - Topics in Habitat Ecology

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-10) Offered every term.  Prereq., consent of instr.  Discussion of recent scientific papers on advances in ecology, conservation, and population dynamics as related to habitat ecology and conservation.  WBIO 562 or equivalent strongly recommended. 

• WILD 564 - Scientific Writing

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring, even years.  Exploration of the major components and process of scientific writing within the field of Wildlife Biology, primarily focusing on research proposals and peer-review publications. 

• WILD 568 - Topics in Aquatic Ecology

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-10) Offered every term.  Prereq., consent of instr.  Review and synthesis of the scientific literature current issues and analyses in aquatic ecology.  We assume a general understanding of fish biology, aquatic ecology, as well as a background in population, community and ecosystem ecological concepts.

• WILD 570 - Applied Population Ecology

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring even-numbered years. Prereq., courses in ecology, statistics, and calculus. Application of advanced population ecology tools and concepts to the evaluation of human perturbations on wildlife populations. Topics include methods to detect declining trends, the interacting components of population viability analysis, and identification of strategies to reverse declines.

• WILD 572 - Model Selection/Inference

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn odd-numbered years. Prereq., one semester of 400-level statistics/biometry or consent of instr. Comparison and overview of statistical approaches commonly used in applied ecology, including frequentist/ANOVA models, information theoretic and Bayesian methods.

• WILD 575 - Conservation Research

  Credits: 2. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-6) Offered intermittently. Prereq., upper-level course in conservation genetics or populations genetics. Same as BIOB 575. Exploration of current topics in conservation biology with emphasis on genetic issues in conservation.

• WILD 576 - Ecol Modeling & Analysis

  Credits: 2 TO 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered intermittently. Prereq., consent of instr. Investigation of mathematical and statistical problems in ecology and wildlife biology. Specific material each semester is determined by student interest.

• WILD 580 - Populations Dynamics

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-6) Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., consent of instr. Discussion of recent papers on interface of population dynamics, ecological interactions, and wildlife management.

• WILD 594 - Grad Sem Wldlf Biol

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-3) Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., graduate standing in wildlife biology or Fish Wildlife Biology or consent of instr. Analysis of selected problems in wildlife biology and conservation.

• WILD 595 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 12. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R 12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one time offerings of current topics.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internships/Practicums

• WILD 596 - Independent Study

  Credits: 1 TO 10. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-10) Offered every term. Prereq., graduate standing and consent of instr. Original investigations or problems not related to student's thesis.

  Course Attributes:

  • Service Learning/Volunteer

• WILD 597 - Research

  Credits: 1 TO 10. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered every term. Prereq., graduate standing in wildlife biology or consent of instr. Graded pass/not pass only.

• WILD 599 - Professional Paper

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-6) Offered every term. Prereq., graduate standing in wildlife biology and consent of instr. Professional paper written in the area of the student's major interest based on either primary or secondary research. Subject matter must be approved by graduate committee. Graded pass/not pass only.

• WILD 697 - Research

  Credits: 1 TO 15. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-15) Offered every term. Directed individual research and study appropriate to the back ground and objectives of the student.

• WILD 699 - Thesis

  Credits: 1 TO 10. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-10) Offered every term. Prereq., graduate standing in wildlife biology. Preparation of thesis.

Writing

• WRIT 325 - Science Writing

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Prereq., WRIT 101 or equiv. and sophomore standing. Discussion of different types of science writing and focus on methods to achieve more fluent prose. Includes material on logic, inference, and developing arguments that rely on data.

  Course Attributes:

  • Writing Course-Approved

Course Descriptions

Nat Resourc Science & Mgmt

• NRSM 373 - Wilderness and Civilization

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. (R-6) Offered autumn and spring. Social and cultural perspectives on the wilderness idea and wildland practices. Course topics include history of wilderness and the wilderness movement, various philosophical viewpoints on wilderness, protected area management issues, and how wilderness fits into larger landscapes and societies. Part of the Wilderness and Civilization program.

• NRSM 405 - Mgt of Wilderness Resource

  Credits: 4. Level: Undergraduate. An ecology-based treatment of wilderness management.  Brief overview of fundamental ecological principles followed by an examination of their specific and often unique applications to wilderness ecosystems.  Presentation of basic wilderness management principles and guidelines.  Discussion of nonconforming wilderness uses.

• NRSM 406 - Wilderness Mgt Planning

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Exploration of basic planning theory, concepts, effective plan writing, and the characteristics of successful planning and implementation.  In-depth treatment of the Limits of Acceptable Change planning framework.  Comparison and evaluation of the different planning approaches used by the four wilderness managing agencies.

• NRSM 491 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 9. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R 9) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors; new courses or one time offerings of current topics.

Parks, Tour & Recreation Mgmt

• PTRM 150 - Current Issues in PTRM

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. This course will explore issues related to recreation and tourism in western Montana. This is a field based course designed to get students outside the classroom. Students will have a chance to visit outdoor recreation areas and meet recreation and tourism managers.

• PTRM 191 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. (R-6) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

• PTRM 210 - Nature Tourism & Comm Rec

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. Introduction to the tourism and commercial recreation industries. Provides initial link between the natural environment and business operations. Combination of introductory business philosophies, economics, and natural resource management into a framework for future reference and course work.

• PTRM 217S - Parks & Outdoor Rec. Mgmt.

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn and spring. The management of land as an environment for outdoor recreation. Understanding the relationship between the visitor, resource base and management policies. Recreation planning on multiple use forest lands, parks, wilderness areas and private lands.

• PTRM 230 - Programming in Recreation

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered intermittently. Principles of program planning for organized offerings in recreation. Selection, adaptation and evaluation of activities.

• PTRM 291 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. (R-6) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

• PTRM 300 - Recreation Behavior

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offere spring. Prereq., PTRM 217S. This course provides an understanding of recreation behavior in wildland and nature-based tourism oriented settings. Students will learn about theories/conceptual frameworks from social and environmental psychology and their application to visitor management issues in the wildland recreation and nature-base tourism fields.

• PTRM 310 - Nat Res Interp and Comm

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., COMX 111A or THTR 120A, junior or senior standing in PTRM or RECM. Principles, concepts, techniques essential to providing high quality interpretive programs in natural or cultural history.

  Course Attributes:

  • Writing Course-Upper-Division

• PTRM 345X - Sustaining Human Soc & Nat Env

  Credits: 3 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. Offered Winter and Summer. These field-based, experiential classes focus on the environmental and conservation concerns, as well as the modern and traditional cultures, of Australia, New Zealand, or Fiji.

  Course Attributes:

  • Indigenous and Global

• PTRM 353 - Tourism & Sustnbility Himalaya

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered summer only. Coreq. NRSM 352.  In this course we will explore the opportunities and challenges of development with particular reference to nature-based tourism and sustainability in an isolated but rapidly globalizing region of the Himalaya. Students will learn through extensive readings, class discussions, direct field experience (including living in a remote mountain village), meetings with development officials, sustainability activists and stakeholders in the region.

• PTRM 380 - Rec Admin & Leadership

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. The theories, principles and practices that shape the administration of recreation opportunities offered through public, nonprofit and private agencies and organizations. Course content includes leadership roles of recreation managers, organizational structure, management, legality, risk management, staffing, communication and public relations.

• PTRM 391 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 12. Level: Undergraduate. (R-12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

• PTRM 392 - Independent Study

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. (R-6) Offered every term. Course material appropriate to the needs and objectives of the individual student.

• PTRM 394 - Seminar

  Credits: 1 TO 4. Level: Undergraduate. (R-4) Offered intermittently. Variable topics by visiting scholars.

• PTRM 398 - Internship

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Extended classroom experience which provides practical application of classroom learning during placements off campus. Prior approval must be obtained from the faculty supervisor and the Internship Services office. A maximum of 6 credits of Internship (198, 298, 398, 498) may count toward graduation.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internships/Practicums
  • Internship graduation limit 6

• PTRM 407 - Mnging Rec Res in Wilderness

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Examination of strategies to management recreation in a wilderness setting. Addresses management of visitor use and experiences, measuring and monitoring biophysical and social impacts, effective education and interpretation, and law enforcement. 

• PTRM 418 - Winter Wilderness Field Stdies

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Examination of wilderness values, management issues and strategies, winter ecology and snow science, risk management and group leadership, and traditional skills.  Winter field course in the Swan Valley and Mission Mountains Wilderness.  Offered wintersession.

• PTRM 450 - Pre-Practicum Prof Prep

  Credits: 1. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. A pre-practicum class to provide orientation for the practicum, PTRM 495 (RECM 460).

• PTRM 451 - Tourism & Sustainability

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered spring. Prereq., PTRM 210, or consent of instructor. Theories and conceptual models are applied to analyzing relationships between the integration of planning theories to sustainability concepts.

  Course Attributes:

  • Writing Course-Upper-Division

• PTRM 481 - Mnging Wildland Res & Visitors

  Credits: 4. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., PTRM 217S. Balancing the needs of people for recreation with the impact of recreational use.

• PTRM 482 - Wilderness & Protctd Area Mgt

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring. Prereq., PTRM 217S, or consent of instructor. Examination of the origin, evolution, and application of the park concept on state, federal, and international levels. Evaluation of legislation, philosophy, and policy leading to consideration of goals, objectives, and strategies for wilderness and protected area management.

  Course Attributes:

  • Writing Course-Upper-Division

• PTRM 484 - PTRM Field Measurement Tech

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn. Co-req. with either PTRM 485 or PTRM 451. Field measurement and management techniques critical in park, tourism & recreation management. Includes measurement of impacts on biophysical and social attributes of park, tourism & recreation settings.

• PTRM 485 - Recreation Planning

  Credits: 4. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered spring. Prereq., PTRM 217S and PTRM 300. Offered autumn. Needs of recreation opportunities and response to those needs through planning, demand assessment and resource analysis.

• PTRM 491 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 12. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, new courses or one-time offerings of current topics.

• PTRM 492 - Independent Study

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate. (R-6) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Individual study of research problems.

• PTRM 494 - Seminar

  Credits: 1 TO 4. Level: Undergraduate. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., senior standing in wildlife biology or consent of instr. Analysis and discussion led by students of current topics in wildlife biology.

• PTRM 495 - Practicum in PTRM

  Credits: 1 TO 15. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-15) Offered every term. Prereq., PTRM 380, PTRM 450, senior standing, and consent of instr. Supervised pre-professional practice in approved parks, tourism & recreation management agencies.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internships/Practicums

• PTRM 498 - Internship

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., consent of instr. Extended classroom learning during placements off campus. Prior approval must be obtained from faculty advisor and Internship Services office. A maximum of 6 credits of Internship (198, 298, 398, 498) may count toward graduation.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internships/Practicums
  • Internship graduation limit 6

• PTRM 499 - Senior Thesis

  Credits: 1 TO 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-6) Offered autumn and spring.  Prereq., consent of instr.; senior standing.  Preparation of major paper based on study or research of a topic selected with an advisor according to needs and objectives of student.

• PTRM 500 - Conserv Social Sci Methods

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Offered autumn. Prereq., a course in statistics or consent of instr. The nature of scientific research, planning research projects, organization and presentation of research results. 

• PTRM 517 - Advanced Visitor Mgmt

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Managing visitors in protected areas is an increasingly important. The U.S. National Park Service, for example, receives about 275 million visits per year. These visits impact both the parks and society on numerous levels. Many of the most perplexing issues associated with Protected Area Management are also visitor experience or access related. Visitors are managed to fulfill mandates, build constituencies for protected areas, generate income and improve the human condition. In the past four decades several visitor management strategies and tactics have been developed and evaluated. Examples of these strategies include changing physical places or facilities to accommodate use, changing the character of uses and visitors, emphasizing education or law enforcement, developing concessions etc. Within those broad strategies are also numerous tactics that have been tried in numerous contexts. Charging user fees, rationing use, using passive vs. active interventions into the visitor experience are tactical examples. In our globalizing profession these strategies and tactics are being challenged to perform within the context of a variety of governance and institutional arrangements. While most approaches were developed for public land settings, they are now being used on private lands, in communal settings, or in areas of international importance. The central challenge of this course is to analyze the effectiveness and appropriateness of visitor management strategies for a variety of issues and in a variety of institutional contexts. To be sure our efforts connect both theoretical and applied perspectives, we will use a single case for the organization of the course. That case is developing a visitor management plan for the Going to the Sun Road Corridor in Glacier National Park. This is a real process that the professor is cooperatively involved with. We will meet one or two times per week depending on the needs of the group.

• PTRM 554 - Geographies of Tourism

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Consent of Instructor. This graduate level course will focus on geographic concepts such as place, space, and scale and their applications in tourism research. We will also cover spatial analysis techniques and their uses in tourism studies. The course will begin with an introduction to geography and its importance in tourism studies. Next, background on concepts and theories developed within the field of geography will be provided. From there we will begin to discuss ideas of space, place, landscapes and scale. In our discussion of scale we will focus on the politics of scale and ideas of globalization and the global-local nexus. This will lead into a discussion of networks and flows as they apply to tourism. We will also explore political geographies and gendered landscapes as they apply to tourism. Finally, we will explore some spatial analysis techniques used by geographers studying tourism. The course materials will be structured to give students information on how each topic is conceptualized by geographers, current theoretical debates relating to the topic and its applications in tourism research. The course will rely heavily on current literature, mainly from peer-reviewed journals and book chapters. Students will be expected to engage with these concepts through the literature in writing and discussion.

• PTRM 562 - Manage Rec Res Wilderness

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Same as FORS 562.  Current research, theory, and management approaches to recreation management in wilderness, including monitoring and management of visitor impacts and experiences.

• PTRM 574 - Perspectives in Human Dimen

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. Consent of instructor. This course will provide graduate students with an understanding of multiple perspectives in human dimensions of natural resources. The course is intended to be broad in nature in order to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the topics. Students will read and discuss foundational pieces by Orr and Leopold (among others) and explore newer readings on current research. The course will cover social psychological and sociological perspectives and discuss key issues such as scale, multidisciplinary research, sustainability and social diversity in natural resources. Students will be challenged to approach natural resources issues from multiple perspectives, not just the perspective they are most familiar with. Students will be able to communicate effectively among social scientists and be able to integrate diverse perspectives.

• PTRM 583 - Research & Dev. Tourism & Rec.

  Credits: 3. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. This course will use Montana as a case study to understand tourism and recreation research and the tourism and recreation industry. From an applied research prospective, students will learn the intricacies of how to design a research program to support a tourism and recreation industry where the data and decision making tools for marketing professionals, land managers, planners, and political entities are generated. How do you build your relationships, work with advisory councils, pick your issues to study, design your methodologies, collect and analyze data, and tell the story so it is applicable to the industry yet objective and science driven?

• PTRM 594 - Conservation Soc Sci Seminar

  Credits: 1 TO 2. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-3) Offered Spring.  Same as NRSM 594.  Prereq. graduate standing.  Presentations by students, faculty, and associates on issues and topics in their field.   

• PTRM 595 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 12. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internships/Practicums

• PTRM 596 - Independent Study

  Credits: 1 TO 10. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-10) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Individual study or research problems.

  Course Attributes:

  • Service Learning/Volunteer

• PTRM 597 - Research

  Credits: 1 TO 12. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-12) Offered every term. Prereq., graduate standing. Independent graduate research in parks, tourism, and recreation management.

• PTRM 598 - Internship

  Credits: 1 TO 12. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-12) Offered every term. Prereq., consent of instr. Extended classroom experience that provides practical application of classroom learning during placements off campus. Prior approval must be obtained from faculty advisor and Internship Services office.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internships/Practicums

• PTRM 599 - Professional Paper

  Credits: 1 TO 15. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-15) Offered every term. Preparation of professional paper.

• PTRM 695 - Special Topics

  Credits: 1 TO 6. Level: Graduate. (R-6) Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

  Course Attributes:

  • Internships/Practicums

• PTRM 697 - Research

  Credits: 1 TO 15. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-15) Offered every term. Directed individual research and study appropriate to the back ground and objectives of the student.

• PTRM 699 - Thesis

  Credits: 1 TO 15. Level: Undergraduate, Graduate. (R-15) Offered every term. Prereq., graduate standing. Preparation of thesis/dissertation.

Recreation Management

• RECM 405 - Manage Wilderness Res

  Credits: 4. Level: Undergraduate. Same as FOR 405. An ecology-based treatment of wilderness management. Brief overview of fundamental ecological principles followed by an examination of their specifice and often unique application to wilderness ecosystems. Presentation of basic wilderness management principles and guidelines. Discussion of nonconforming wilderness uses.