Liberal Studies B.A.

Offered autumn. Prereq., eligibility for WRIT 101 (ENEX 101) based on writing placement examination. General survey of the field of Humanities in Western civilization contrasting the Greco–Roman with the Jewish and Christian traditions.

Offered spring. Prereq., eligibility for WRIT 101 (ENEX 101) based on writing placement examination. General survey of the field of Humanities in Western civilization, from the Middle Ages through modernity.

Offered every term. Representative texts from the pre-colonial period through the Civil War.

Offered every term. Representative texts from the Civil War to the present.

Offered every term. Representative texts from the Anglo-Saxon period through the Renaissance.

Offered every term. Representative texts from the seventeenth through the eighteenth century.

Offered every term. Representative texts from the early nineteenth century to the present.

(AM) Offered autumn.  A comprehensive introductory history of Colonial, Revolutionary and 19th century America, to 1877. Lecture-discussion. Credit not allowed for both 101H and 103H.

(AM) Offered spring.  A comprehensive introductory history of the U.S. since 1877. Lecture-discussion. Credit not allowed for both 102H and 104H.

(AM) Offered autumn.  Enrollment by consent of instructor. A comprehensive introductory history of Colonial, Revolutionary, and 19th century America, to 1877. Lecture-honors discussion. Credit not allowed for both 103H and 101H.

(AM) Offered spring.  Enrollment by consent of instructor. A comprehensive introductory history of the U. S. since 1877.  Lecture-honors discussion. Credit not allowed for both 104H and 102H.

(AM) Offered autumn. Same as AAS 141H. This course introduces students to the primary questions, themes, and approaches to African-American Studies. In addition to examining key historical periods such as Reconstruction, the Harlem Renaissance, and the Civil Rights era, students will encounter Hip-Hop, African-American film, African-American religion, and contemporary identity politics. This course concludes by discussing the reasons for and new directions in African-American studies, including diaspora studies, Pan-Africanism, and post-colonial studies. Overall students will gain new insight into the social, cultural, political, and intellectual, experiences of a diverse people and into the history and contemporary experience of the United States.

(AM) Offered autumn.  An introductory and interpretive history from Lewis and Clark to 2000.

(AM) Same as AAS 262. Offered spring.  Interdisciplinary, historical perspective on early 19th century movement to abolish slavery and racial discrimination in the United States.

(EU) Offered autumn.  A comprehensive, introductory history of western civilization from classical antiquity to 1648. Lecture-discussion. Credit not allowed for both 101H and 103H.

(EU) Offered spring.  A comprehensive, introductory history of western civilization from 1648 to the present. Lecture-discussion. Credit not allowed for both 102H and 104H.

(EU) Offered autumn.  Limited enrollment by consent of instr. only. A comprehensive, introductory history of western civilization from classical antiquity to 1648. Lecture-honors discussion. Credit not allowed for both 103H and 101H.

(EU) Offered spring.  Limited enrollment by consent of instr. only. A comprehensive introductory history of western civilization from 1648 to the present. Lecture-honors discussion. Credit not allowed for both 104H and 102H.

Offered autumn and spring. Introduction to the study of the human communities, cultures, and economies in Central and Southwest Asia along the ancient four thousand mile-long Silk Road.

Offered intermittently. Same as AS and LS 211H.  An introduction to the historical, intellectual, political, literary and social developments of China from early times to the present.

(WRLD) Offered autumn.  Same as AS 201.  An interdisciplinary, pluralist, and exploratory introduction to civilizations of East Asia.  Primary focus on China, Japan, and Korea, the relations among them and their patterns of interaction with the outside world in pre-modern and modern periods.

(WRLD) Offered autumn. A concise history of the Islamic world from the 6th century to the fall of the Abbasid Empire in the 13th century, focusing primarily on the teachings of Islam and the causes for the rapid expansion of the Islamic empire.

(WRLD) Offered spring. History of the Islamic world and particularly the Persian, Arabic, and Turkish speaking lands between 1453 and 1952.

Offered intermittently. Same as AS and LS 210H. The historical, religious, artistic, literary and social developments in Japan from earliest times to the present.

Offered intermittently. Same as ANTY 102H/LS 102H.  An introduction to South and Southeast Asian regions, cultures, societies, and histories, with particular emphasis on artistic, religious and literary traditions from prehistory to the present.  An overview approach with different materials and emphases.

(R-6) Offered intermittently.  Experimental offerings of visiting professors, offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

Offered autumn, even years. Same as LSH 202x. This course introduces students to the history, economy, political and legal system, society, culture, religions, and literary and artistic traditions of India, which is the world's largest secular democracy and the birthplace of four major world religions.

Offered intermittently. Introduction to the cultures, social organization, and contemporary events of Southeast Asia.

Offered autumn.  Same as RLST 232H.  A historical introduction to the development of Buddhist thought and practice in the cultures of Asia and the West.

Offered spring, odd-numbered years.  Same as RLST 234X.  Critical exploration of selected aspects of Hindu thought, narrative and practice, both in contemporary and historical perspective.  Focus primarily on India, but with consideration of Hinduism's transformation and impact beyond South Asia.

(R-12) Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

(R-9) Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

An introduction to the history, religion, and literature of ancient Israel and to modern methods in Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) studies. Includes an introduction to the history and religions of ancient West Asia.

An introduction to the history, religion, and literature of earliest Christianity and to modern methods in New Testament studies. Includes an introduction to the history and religions of the ancient Mediteranean.

An introduction to Judaism as a religion and to the history of Jewish peoples (in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas) from antiquity to modernity.

Introduction to the historical development of Christian thought and practice in the cultures of late antiquity and the medieval and the modern periods.

A historical introduction to the development of Buddhist thought and practice in the cultures of Asia and the West.

Prereq. or coreq., RLST 232 H. A critical and phenomenological introduction to meditation as the Buddhist method of systematic inquiry into the nature of the mind and its role in the construction of experience.

Same as SSEA and LS 365. Critical exploration of selected aspects of Hindu thought, narrative and practice, both in contemporary and historical perspective. Focus primarily on India, but with consideration of Hinduism's transformation and impact beyond South Asia.

An exploration of the development of thought and practice in and the interactions between the major religious movements of Chinese religion: Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and fold religion/animism.

Offered at least once every two years. An introductory exploration of Japan's unique religious synthesis of Buddhist, Shinto, Taoist, Confucian and folk/shamanistic traditions.

An examination of central theological teachings and modes of ethical reasoning of major religious traditions models from the East and West.

(R-9) Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

(AM) Offered even-numbered years.  Emphasis changes from year to year. Can touch upon the political economy of Puritanism, through gender and family to the preconditions for the American Revolution.

(AM) Offered alternate years. This course examines the entangled processes of human and environmental change in America and the Atlantic world from prehistoric times through the nineteenth century. We will examine the ways Native Americans and Europeans interacted with land and sea and the social and ecological repercussions that ensued. We will also look at the ways Atlantic world systems of exchange, including the movement of animals, disease, commodities, manufactured goods, and slaves effected environmental change. Finally, we will also explore the ways Renaissance and Enlightenment thought shaped the ways people understood the natural world and how that radically changed with industrialization and the shift to Romanticism.

(AM) Offered spring odd-numbered years. Democracy, nationalism and sectionalism, the War of 1812, the second party system, social order and disorder, the capitalist revolution.

(AM) Offered autumn odd-numbered years.  Civil War and Reconstruction; the triumph of the industrialist and capitalist ethic.

(AM) Offered autumn odd-numbered years.  The history of the U.S. from 1877 to 1920 is largely the story of Americans responding to profound social, cultural and economic change.  In an effort to bring order to their changing world, Americans created new institutions, retooled their ideologies, and improved the nation's infrastructure.  The order they created is, in modified form, still with us today.  Students will explore the myriad changes that transformed the United States during this period and study the social, political, and cultural struggles that shaped the emergence of Modern America.

(AM) Offered autumn. This era in U.S. history was marked by a series of crises: the contested transition to modernity during the 1920s, the Great Depression, and World War II and its aftermath.  This course will explore how Americans responded to these crises, why they responded to them the way they did, and how their responses altered the society in which they lived.

(AM) Offered spring.  The Cold War and its consequences, the civil rights revolution, affluence and anxiety, counter-culture, political radicalism, feminism, the Nixon years, Watergate and after.

(AM) Offered alternate years, Examines the political, social, cultural, intellectual developments of America in the 1950s.  Particular emphasis is placed on cultural history. 

(AM) Offered alternate years, Examines the political, social, cultural, intellectual developments of America in the 1960s.  Topics include the Great Society, political radicalism, the counter culture, black radicalism, and Vietnam. 

(AM) Offered alternate years. This course will examine the development and demise of slavery in the early modern Atlantic world, from the late fifteenth to the late nineteenth centuries. Specifically, we will explore the ways the transatlantic slave trade forged economic and cultural connections between Europe, Africa, and the Americas, thereby causing immeasurable suffering while conditioning conceptions of race, reshaping politics and religion, and transforming the ecology of nearly a third of the globe.

(R-6) (AM) Offered intermittently. The French and Indian Wars to Vietnam and beyond; chronological and topical accounts.

(AM) Offered intermittently. This course examines major topics and themes in United States history from the early twentieth century to the present using movies as primary sources.

(AM) Offered intermittently. Same as AAS 342. Survey of the African American experience from the African background to the end of the Civil War.  Focus on Black American quest for the American Dream, and how Blacks attempted to deal with the challenges of enslavement and racism.

(AM) Offered intermittently.  Same as AAS 343H.  Study of the African American experience since the Civil War.  Change and continuity in the African American experience, the fight against Jim Crow, the struggle for civil rights, and post-civil rights economic, political, social and cultural developments and challenges.

(AM) Spring, odd years. The African American religious experience encompasses Islam, Christianity, Santeria, voodoo, and many others. In this course, students will examine the history of religious expression within the African-American community from the colonial era through the twentieth century. Central to the course question, "How did religion shape the experience of the African-American community?" Students will also examine the ways in which religious practice influenced social, political, and cultural changes in American history.  Same as AAS 347.

(AM) Offered autumn odd-numbered years.  Same as ANTH 324X and NAS 324X.  Examination of the history of Montana Indians since the establishment of the reservations, contemporary conditions, and issues among both reservation and non-reservation Indian communities in the state.  Special attention given to social and economic conditions, treaty rights, tribal sovereignty, and legal issues.

(AM) Offered even-numbered years.  The roles that artists, artistic works and illustrations, and symbolic images have played in the history of the American West.

(AM) Offered intermittently.  Social history of the American South with particular attention to race, class, and gender.

Offered autumn.  Interpretive overview of major themes and events in U.S. womens history to 1865. Same as WGS 370H.

Offered spring. Interpretive overview of major themes and events in U.S. women’s history from 1865 to the present. Same as WGS 371.

(AM) Offered alternate years. Delving into the history of the early modern Atlantic world, this course examines the transnational ramifications of the American Revolution. Specifically, it examines the Revolution’s economic and ideological origins, European involvement in the Revolutionary War, as well as the Revolution’s impact on African American slavery and the slave trade. We will also consider its implications for Haitian and Latin American independence. And finally, we will discuss the creation of the U.S. Constitution, America’s struggle for political sovereignty, and the Revolution’s impact on Native Americans, women and families, and conceptions of American identity during the Early National period.

(AM) Offered intermittently. An examination of major issues in the American constitutional past. Topics include the creation of the U.S. Constitution and the problem of ?original intent,? courts and judicial review, slavery and anti-slavery, the bill o frights, industrial capitalism and the welfare state, and majority rule and minority rights in American democracy

(AM) Offered intermittently. Issues in the social history of law from the colonial period to the present.

(AM) Offered intermittently.  Historical overview of families and children in the United States from the colonial era to the present.  Topics include changing patterns of family life, the evolution of attitudes toward children and youth, the relationship between the American family and the nation-state, and debates over "family values" from the nation's founding to the present.

(R-12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

(AM) Offered autumn, odd years. Same as AAS 415. Enrollment for history majors and minors, graduate students in history, or by consent of the instructor. Prereq. HSTR 200. From slave revolts through to the Move rebellion in Philadelphia, this course examines how the African-American community has engaged in radical efforts to change the status quo in the name of seeking justice.

(AM) Offered autumn, even years. Same as AAS 417 and RELS 417. Enrollment for history majors and minors, graduate students in history, or by consent of the instructor. Prereq. HSTR 200. This course explores the meaning of public prayer in the Civil Rights Movement.  Built around the question, "Does religion help or hinder the pursuit of social change?" this class combines historical and religious studies inquiry to trace changes in civil rights activists' efforts to make use of religion.  By focusing on a particular religious practice - in this case prayer - in a specific, but limited period of time, this course challenges students to consider how meaning is formed through historical action and study the social significance of religious practice.  This formed through historical action and study the social significance of religious practice.  This course complicates prevailing ideas about the normalcy of  African-American religious practitioners' prayer, invites students to examine their assumptions about the nature of prayer, and traces how religion spilled out of sanctuaries into the streets during the civil rights era.

(AM) Offered intermittently. Prereq. HSTR 200. Enrollment for history majors and minors, graduate students in history, or by consent of the instructor. Study of the connection between women's status and slavery in antebellum America, looking at slave women, slaveholding women, and antislavery women. Upper division writing course for the history major.

(AM) Offered intermittently. Prereq. HSTR 200. Enrollment for history majors and minors, graduate students in history, or by consent of the instructor. Examination of the connections between race, class, and gender in the South. Conflict and cooperation among black and white women in politics, reform, and work. Upper division writing course for the history major.

(AM) Offered intermittently.  Same as AAS 420.  This course explores the period in American history from the close of the Mexican War through the conclusion of the Civil War.  Topics include slavery and sectionalism; race and racism; immigration and ethno-religious conflict; military mobilization and wartime dissent; the meaning of freedom in the age of emancipation.  This course is intended to hone skills fundamental to the historical discipline: the critical analysis of primary sources; independent primary research and historical writing; engagement with and assessment of historical scholarship; the construction of a historiographical essay. Upper division writing course for the history major.

(AM) Offered alternate years. Prereq. HSTR 200. Enrollment for history majors and minors , graduate students in history, or by consent of the instructor. This course offers students an opportunity to do original research and produce an article-length research paper on a topic in post-war American history. It meets the department’s requirement of an upper-level research seminar as well as the upper-division writing expectation in the major.

(AM) Offered autumn odd-numbered years.  Historical interaction between Native American societies, horses and bison in North America. A writing intensive course. Upper division writing course for the history major.

(AM) Offered intermittently. Prereq. HSTR 200. Enrollment for history majors and minors, graduate students in history, or by consent of the instructor. This course is a research and writing seminar in Montana history. Students will learn advanced research methodology in history and will be exposed to a variety of databases and source collections in Montana history that are available locally and online. Students will research and write a primary-source based paper on a topic in Montana history. This course fulfills the upper-division writing requirement for the history department and the university.

(AM) Offered spring odd-numbered years. Same as GEOG 401.  Investigation of regionalism as a concept and its future in the Rocky Mountain West.  Regionalism as a geographical, economic, political and cultural entity. An intensive writing class.

(AM) Offered intermittently. Prereq. HSTR 200. Enrollment for history majors and minors, graduate students in history, or by consent of the instructor. This seminar is designed to teach advanced undergraduate and graduate students the fundamentals of original research in the fields of early American and Atlantic world history. Every student will pursue an original research project, based on primary materials, and focused chronologically within the period of early contact to the U.S. Civil War. You will read texts that will serve as models of historical writing and others that will help you develop your skills as a researcher, writer, and editor. We will hone our writing skills through drafting and discussion. Consent of instructor required.

(AM) Offered intermittently. Prereq. HSTR 200. Enrollment for history majors and minors, graduate students in history, or by consent of the instructor. Consent of instructor required. Upper-division writing-intensive seminar in women’s history. Students will write an original research paper based on primary source materials.

(R 12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one time offerings of current topics.

(R-6) Offered intermittently. Consent of instructor.

(EU) Offered intermittently. Same as MCLG 301H. Greek history from the earliest times through the Macedonian ascendancy, based on the writings of the Greek historians. Cannot receive credit for both HSTR 302 and MCLG 301H.

(EU) Offered intermittently. The collapse of Roman authority, the establishment of the Germanic kingdoms, Christianity and the Roman church.

(EU) Offered autumn. The collapse of Roman authority, the establishment of the Germanic kingdoms, Christianity and the Roman church.

(EU) Offered spring.  The Christian world in the West to the decline of the papacy, a hundred years of war, the Black Death.

(EU) Offered intermittently.  The political, economic, intellectual, and social development of Europe 1648-1789.

(EU) Offered intermittently.  The Reformation and its impact on European society, politics, economic theory and religious thought from 1500 to 1600; the Counter-Reformation.

(EU) Offered intermittently.  The political, economic, intellectual and social development of Europe from 1348 to 1648.

Offered autumn. The influence of the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical Ages, and the Enlightenment on early modern history.

Offered autumn. Romanticism, Realism, and the Avant Garde against the historical background of the Industrial Revolution and urbanization.

(EU) Offered spring. The triumph of the Avant-Garde and the decline of traditional culture: 1914-1945.

(EU) Offered autumn odd-numbered years.  European politics, culture, and society since 1945.

(WRLD) Offered intermittently. Different ideologies and projects in Latin America aimed at gradual or radical transformation of political systems and/or socio-economic relations. From the Haitian Revolution to the Bolivarian vision of Hugo Chavez.

(WRLD) Offered intermittently. Study of the experiences and agency of diverse working people in Latin America. Influence of race, ethnicity, gender, religion, and generation on working class identity and movements. Labor organizations and politics in historic context.

(WRLD) Offered spring.  Japanese culture, politics, and economics since 1800: the Tokugawa period, the Meiji Restoration, militarization and the Great Pacific War, the American occupation, Japan as a model of modernization.

(WRLD) Offered autumn. China since 180, emphasizing internal weaknesses of the Manchu dynasty, confrontation with the west, and the emergence of Nationalist and Communist regimes.

(EU) Offered autumn. Social, political, religious, and intellectual history of the British peoples during the tumultuous period of reformation, exploration, constitutional crisis, and civil war.

(EU) Offered spring. The social, political, cultural, and intellectual consequences of British expansion, financial and industrial revolutions, and revolutionary movements.

(EU) Offered autumn odd-numbered years.  Social, political, intellectual and cultural history of the United Kingdom from an age of industry, empire, and political reform to one of economic decline and international retreat.

(EU) Offered autumn.  Political, economic, and social upheaval and development.

(EU) Offered intermittently. Political, economic and social development.

(EU) Offered autumn odd-numbered years.  The emergence of the Italian states with an emphasis on cultural achievements in the late Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical periods.

(EU) Offered spring even-numbered years.  The emergence of a united Italy, the triumph of fascism and contemporary Italian society.

(EU) Offered intermittently.  Emphasis on the autocratic political tradition, Westernization, and territorial expansion.

(EU) Offered intermittently. Emphasis on modernization and the revolutionary movement; the Bolshevik Revolution and Stalinist era; the decline of Soviet system.

(EU) Offered intermittently.  Political, economic and social development of the states of the Holy Roman Empire from 1555-1866.

(EU) Offered spring. Main currents in the history of Eastern Europe from earliest times to the present. Focus on the lands of Poland, Bohemia, Hungary, and the Balkan region.

(AM) Offered intermittently. Prereq., lower-division course in Perspective 5 or consent of instr. A history of the human-nature interaction in the United States.

(AM) Offered intermittently. Euro-American movement and conflict in the nineteenth century trans-Mississippi west.

(WRLD) Offered autumn. The several intellectual traditions and philosophies some ephemeral and visionary, most eclectic and confused, and virtually all conflicting that are usually believed to underlie the varying concept of Iranian and Arab nationalism in the 20th century.

(AM) Offered spring.  The contemporary trans-Mississippi West.

(WRLD) Offered intermittently. A thematic and interdisciplinary approach to warfare and peace, sociopolitical structures and military organization, power among states, technological change, the role of the individual in organized violence, and moral views of war and peace.

(EU) Offered intermittently.  The nature, evolution, and functions of the European diplomatic system from the Ancient World to 1870.

(WRLD) Offered intermittently. Deals with the emergence of the Cold War, confrontations like the Cuban Missile Crisis, wars like those in Korea and Vietnam, strategies of deterrence, the rise of Gorbachev, the collapse of the Iron Curtain and the Cold War itself, and the long term implications of the Cold War on contemporary international relations.

(WRLD) Offered intermittently.  Begins with a discussion of the classical system of diplomacy and then moves into the causes and results of the First World War, the rise of Hitler and the Second World War, America's emergence as a superpower, the Cold War, the influence of Asia, the implications of the 9/11 attack and terrorism, and the continuing search for peace and stability in a world of conflict.

(WRLD) Offered intermittently.  A treatment of the powerful global influence of visions of human rights upon the historical and contemporary world in which movements such as abolitionism, women's rights, humanitarian law, racial equality, decolonization and democratization, and the impact of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

(WRLD) Offered spring. The socioeconomic, political, and cultural causes which resulted in the transformation of the Iranian society from a traditional Islamic entity to a modern secular state and the factors which led to the downfall of the secular state and the establishment of an Islamic republic.

(R-12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

(R 12) Offered intermittently.

(R-6) Offered intermittently. A review and discussion of current research. Topics vary.

(R-12) Offered intermittently. Course material appropriate to the needs and objectives of the individual student.

Offered autumn and spring. Prereq., HSTR 200. Enrollment for history majors and minors, graduate students in history, or by consent of the instructor. Topics vary according to the instructor. The goal of this course is for students to propose and execute a substantial research project. Upper division writing course for the history major.

(EU) Offered intermittently.  The history and philosophy of history.

(EU) Offered spring alternate years. Prereq., HSTR 200. Recommended HSTR 348 or 349. Enrollment for history majors and minors, graduate students in history, or by consent of the instructor. Students will discuss specific issues in the historiography of the early modern period in British history (c1500-1800) and produce research papers grounded in primary sources.

(WRLD) Offered intermittently. The legacy of state violence and ongoing struggles for truth and justice in select Latin American case studies.  Different uses of memory and narration in bearing witness to social and political conflict and human rights violations. 

(WRLD) Prereq., HSTR 200. Enrollment for history majors and minors, graduate students in history, or by consent of the instructor. Research and writing seminar on U.S.-Latin American relations from the late 18th century through the 20th century.

(WRLD) Offered spring. Advanced analysis of the historical and contemporary issues involving the human communities, cultures, and economies in Central and Southwest Asia.

(WRLD) Offered autumn. Same as ANTY 442. Analysis of the main centers of civilization and culture, rich sites and monuments of Central Asia and Southwest Asia since ancient times.

(WRLD) Taught annually.  Prereq., junior standing or consent of instructor.  A history of key reform movements from the mid-19th century (when China was rocked by rebellion and the entry of the West) to the Maoist period.

(WRLD) Offered autumn.  A history of the rise and fall of the Maoist regime and the complicated impact of the epochal post Mao reform movement.

(AM) Offered intermittently. Review of selected areas in which public historians work. Examination of how the public historian's role may differ from the academic historian. Focus on specific approaches, issues, and problems in a variety of areas of public history.

(EU) Offered fall.  Tolstoy's classic novel as a point of entry into a multifaceted exploration of imperial Russian culture and society.  Topics include family life, social relations, modernization, politics, religion and spirituality, gender and sexuality.

(EU) Offered spring. The causes, course, character, and consequences of the Bolshevik Revolution.

(WRLD) Offered autumn and spring. Analysis of the study of human artistic creativity and scientific innovations of various cultures in Central and Southwest Asia since ancient times.

(WRLD) Offered intermittently. An interdisciplinary, global, and thematic approach to major issues in foreign affairs brought about by world wars, diplomatic expansion, the collapse of cultural homogeneity, technological developments, and the rise of public opinion.

(WRLD) Offered intermittently.  Prereq., lower-division course in Perspective 5 or consent of instr. Contemporary and historical problems of civilian policy and military strategy, power and technology, intelligence operations in democratic societies, human rights and security issues, conscription, and ethics in statecraft.

(WRLD) Taught annually. Prereq., junior standing or consent of instructor. A history of key reform movements from the mid-19th century (when China was rocked by rebellion and the entry of the West) to the Maoist period.

(R 12) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one time offerings of current topics.

(R 12) Offered intermittently. Prereq., consent of instr.

(R-6) Offered intermittently.  Prereq., consent of instr. A review and discussion of current research. Topics vary.

(R-12) Offered intermittently.  Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

(EU) Offered intermittently. Same as MCLG 301H. Greek history from the earliest times through the Macedonian ascendancy, based on the writings of the Greek historians. Cannot receive credit for both HSTR 302 and MCLG 301H.

Offered Spring. Same as PSCI 475. An examination of the evolution of tribal governments from a historical and political perspective. Particular attention is devoted to the issues of tribal sovereignty and tribal-state conflicts.

Offered intermittently. Examination of the thought of the philosophers of Greece and Rome as expressed in original works read in English translation. Ancient philosophy studied within its historical, linguistic and cultural setting. Cannot receive credit for both PHL 363 and MCLG 362H.

(R-9) Offered intermittently.  Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

(R-9) Offered intermittently. Prereq., consent of instr. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

Offered autumn. Prereq., PSC 100S and junior standing or consent of instr. Comparative analysis of parliamentary forms of government and politics with emphasis on Great Britain, France and Germany.

Offered spring. Prereq junior standing or consent of instructor. Historical and contemporary analysis of political and economic integration in Europe with a focus on the political system of the European Union.

(R-6) Offered intermittently. Experimental or one-time offerings in the subfield of political theory.

Offered spring. Prereq., PSCI 250E or consent of instr. The study of representative political thinkers is used to illustrate the theme of American democracy as a multifaceted experiment with self-government.

(R-6) Offered intermittently in autumn. Prereq., PSCI 250E or consent of instr. and junior standing. Topics variable. Research and assessment of current political and social issues through the study of a representative text and related literature.

Offered autumn. Prereq., junior standing or consent of instr. Survey of the theoretical literature on civil violence, its causes and consequences. Analysis of violence as a political technique and of counter measures designed to prevent or control it.

Offered autumn. The classical western tradition, beginning with the ancient Greeks, spanning the Christian era, and ending with the high Renaissance period. Examination of the political ideas/values of these different times, exploring broad questions concerning human nature, the origins of the state, and the meaning of legitimate authority.

(R-9) Offered intermittently. Experimental or one-time offerings in the subfield of political theory.

Offered autumn. Prereq., PSCI 250E (PSC 150E) or consent of instr. The classical western tradition, beginning with the ancient Greeks, spanning the Christian era, and ending with the high Renaissance period.  Examination of the political ideas/values of these different times, exploring broad questions concerning human nature, the origins of the state, and the meaning of legitimate authority.

Offered intermittently. Prereq., junior standing. Examination of classic and contemporary utopias, from Plato's Republicto Barbara Goodwin's Justice by Lottery as well as their critics.

Offered autumn. Prereq., PSC 150E or consent of instr. Analysis of Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Burke, James and John Stuart Mill, Marx and Lenin with regard to their ?modern? views of the purpose(s) of political inquiry, the nature of citizenship and popular sovereignty. Particular attention to contemporary implications of ideas.

Offered intermittently. Same as HSTA 342H. Survey of the African-American experience from the African background to the end of the Civil War. Focus on Black American quest for the American Dream, and how Blacks attempted to deal with the challenges of enslavement and racism.

Offered intermittently. Same as HSTA 343H (HIST 379H). Study of the African-American experience since the Civil War. Change and continuity in the African-American experience, the fight against Jim Crow, the struggle for civil rights, and post-civil rights economic, political, social and cultural developments and challenges.

Spring, odd years. The African-American religious experience encompasses Islam, Christianity, Santería, voodoo, and many others. In this course, students will examine the history of religious expression within the African-American community from the colonial era through the twentieth century. Central to the course is the question, “How did religion shape the experience of the African-American community?” Students will also examine the ways in which religious practice influenced social, political, and cultural changes in American history.

Offered autumn. Interdisciplinary course designed to explore and illuminate the multifaceted nature and development of African-American group and individual identity.

(R-9) Prereq., consent of instr. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one time offerings of current topics.

(R-9) Prereq., consent of instr. Course material appropriate to the needs and objectives of the individual student.

(AM) Offered autumn, odd years. From slave revolts through to the Move rebellion in Philadelphia, this course examines how the African-American community has engaged in radical efforts to change the status quo in the name of seeking justice.

(AM) Offered autumn, even years. This course explores the meaning of public prayer in the Civil Rights Movement.  Built around the question, "Does religion help or hinder the pursuit of social change?" this class combines historical and religious studies inquiry to trace changes in civil rights activists' efforts to make use of religion.  By focusing on a particular religious practice - in this case prayer - in a specific, but limited period of time, this course challenges students to consider how meaning is formed through historical action and study the social significance of religious practice.  This formed through historical action and study the social significance of religious practice.  This course complicates prevailing ideas about the normalcy of  African-American religious practitioners' prayer, invites students to examine their assumptions about the nature of prayer, and traces how religion spilled out of sanctuaries into the streets during the civil rights era.

Offered intermittently. Same as HSTA 420. This course explores the period in American history from the close of the Mexican War through the conclusion of the Civil War.  Topics include slavery and sectionalism; race and racism; immigration and ethno-religious conflict; military mobilization and wartime dissent; the meaning of freedom in the age of emancipation. This course is intended to hone skills fundamental to the historical discipline: the critical analysis of primary sources; independent primary research and historical writing; engagement with and assessment of historical scholarship; the construction of a historiographical essay.

(R-9) Prereq., consent of instr. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one time offerings of current topics.

(R-9) Prereq., consent of instr. Course material appropriate to the needs and objectives of the individual student.

Offered spring. Comparative study of the history and significance of gender in social life.

Offered intermittently. Prereqs., ARTH 200H or ARTH 201H and ARTH250L or consent of instructor. Exploration of women and art from prehistory to the present.

Offered intermittently. Prereq., any one MCLG course in Classical Civilization or LATN 102 or GRK 102 or consent of instructor. Examination of varied sources from Ancient Greece, the Hellenistic World, and republican and imperial Rome to clarify the place of women in communities. Women's contribution to community and the mechanisms by which communities attempted to socialize female populations.

Offered autumn.  Prereq., PSYX 100S.  Same as PSYX 442 and SW 485. Introduction to the primary theories that constitute the intellectual foundation for common counseling and psychotherapy techniques, with a special focus on gender, interpersonal influence strategies, and diversity issues.

Offered autumn.  Interpretive overview of major themes and events in U.S. womens history to 1865. Same as WGS 370H.

Offered spring. Interpretive overview of major themes and events in U.S. women’s history from 1865 to the present. Same as WGS 371.

(AM) Offered intermittently.  Historical overview of families and children in the United States from the colonial era to the present.  Topics include changing patterns of family life, the evolution of attitudes toward children and youth, the relationship between the American family and the nation-state, and debates over "family values" from the nation's founding to the present.

(AM) Offered intermittently. Prereq. HSTR 200. Enrollment for history majors and minors, graduate students in history, or by consent of the instructor. Study of the connection between women's status and slavery in antebellum America, looking at slave women, slaveholding women, and antislavery women. Upper division writing course for the history major.

(AM) Offered intermittently. Prereq. HSTR 200. Enrollment for history majors and minors, graduate students in history, or by consent of the instructor. Examination of the connections between race, class, and gender in the South. Conflict and cooperation among black and white women in politics, reform, and work. Upper division writing course for the history major.

(AM) Offered intermittently. Prereq. HSTR 200. Enrollment for history majors and minors, graduate students in history, or by consent of the instructor. Consent of instructor required. Upper-division writing-intensive seminar in women’s history. Students will write an original research paper based on primary source materials.

Offered alternate years. Prereq., LIT 300 or consent of instr. Review of the history of the gay and lesbian movement in the twentieth century as a basis for understanding the political, social, and sexual issues that influenced homoerotic cultural representation in plays, films, and novels.

Offered alternate years. Same as WGS 379L & LIT 379L. Major 20th century novels and short stories written in English in different parts of the world and how these texts explore changing concepts of gender and sexuality.

Same as WGS 329. Prereq., WRIT 101. Examines how relationships between fathers and daughters have been represented, celebrated and critiqued in literature in the Western world, from antiquity to the present.

Offered Autumn and Spring.  An examination of Native American environmental ethics and tribal and historical and contemporary use of physical environmental resources.

Offered Autumn and Spring.   A study of selected ethical systems; origins, world views; religious beliefs and the way they have been affected by western civilization.

Offered Autumn. An examination of the major issues that affect the contemporary experiences of Indigenous Peoples of the Americas, and other global communities.

Offered Autumn.  Prereq., three credits of lower-division LIT courses and NASX 105H or 235X. Same as LIT 305. Selected readings from Native American Literature and criticism with emphasis on the literatures after the Native American literary Renaissance.  A minimum of three genres covered and three culture areas.

?Offered summer. This course is one unit of the four unit (12 credit) summer semester program: “Wild Rockies Summer Semester.”  Description: This course will explore the traditional ecological perspectives of the Salish, Kootenai, Blackfeet and Tlingit people, as well as how these perspectives relate to Western concepts of ecology.  Through field-based activities, lectures by tribal elders, and personal exploration, students will come to a heightened understanding of the still vital cultural perspectives and practices of modern American Indians, particularly in the Rockies of Montana and Canada.

Offered autumn. This course is one unit of the four unit (12 credit) fall semester program: “Montana Afoot & Afloat: Human/Land Relations.”  Description: This course gives students a greater understanding of Indian people’s traditional relationships with the land in Montana, and an understanding of how and why those relationships may have changed.  Extensive time will be spent on the Fort Belknap, Northern Cheyenne and Crow Reservations where the class will meet with tribal elders and learning will have an emphasis on environmental and tribal/land relationships.

Offered Autumn. Same as HSTA 354.  Examination of the history of Montana Indians since the establishment of the reservations, contemporary conditions, and issues among both reservation and non-reservation Indian communities in the state.  Special attention given to social and economic conditions, treaty rights, tribal sovereignty, and legal issues.

Offered Autumn or Spring.  Same as ENFM 344. Surveys the image of Native Americans in American film with an emphasis on "revisionist," or "breakthrough" films.  Ultimate focus will be on films featuring Native American writers, directors and actors.

Offered alternate years. Examination of traditional and contemporary uses of medicine in Native American societies.  Issues covered will include current health conditions of American Indians, and the relationship from a cultural perspective on health, healing and medicine.

(R-9) Offered intermittently.  Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

(R-6) Offered intermittently. Variable topics addressing Indian law, policy and culture by visiting scholars.

Offered intermittently. Acquaints students with contemporary tribal resource management and environmental policies.

Offered intermittently.  Same as WS 342H.  Focus on American Indian gender relations and their cultural continuity and historical evolution. National in scope with concentration on certain tribes. Group analysis of contemporary gender issues relevant to Native American peoples.

Offered intermittently.  An overview of American Indian education including a look at the unique needs of Indian children.

Offered Autumn.  Same as HSTA 465X. A study of American Indian relations with Europeans and the United States from first contact to 1776.

Offered Spring.  Same as HSTA 452X. A study of tribal encounters and adjustments to the American nations in the nineteenth century.

Offered Autumn.  Same as HSTA 453X. A study of tribal encounters and adjustments to the American nation from 1890.

Offered Spring. Same as PSCI 475. An examination of the evolution of tribal governments from a historical and political perspective. Particular attention is devoted to the issues of tribal sovereignty and tribal-state conflicts.

Offered once a year. Prereq., NASX 360 or consent of instr.

Offered intermittently.  Same as LIT 429.  Prereq., LIT 300 or LIT 305/NASX 340, or consent of instr.  Study of texts that present a first-person story of Native American individual's life within historical and cultural contexts, with discussion of theories of autobiography.

(R-6) Prereq., upper-division standing and consent of instr. Selected topics on American Indians under the direct supervision of a faculty member.

(R-9) Offered by special arrangement.  Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses or one-time offerings of current topics.

(R-6) Offered Spring. Prereq., NAS major or minor, 18 credits in NAS, and junior standing or higher.  Senior reading capstone course for the review of past and current literature on and by American Indians.

(R-9) Offered by special arrangement.  Prereq., NAS major or minor, 18 credits in NAS, junior standing, and consent of instr. Independent research project in Native American Studies, supervised by a faculty member, and leading to completion of baccalaureate degree.

Offered spring. Prereq., PSYX 100S. Same as WGS 385. Exploration of theoretical explanations for the presence of violence in American families; research and interventions in such areas as child physical and sexual abuse, battering of women, marital rape, spousal homicide, etc.

(R-6) An inquiry into the literature and interpretation of mysticism in the major religious traditions. Each offering will focus on a specific tradition or period.

Offered spring odd-numbered years. Prereq., LIT 300 or consent of instr. Same as LIT 335. Consideration of political and aesthetic purposes in women's fiction through a progression of 19th century literary forms: a cautionary seduction novel, sentimental and domestic novels, realism, naturalism, and utopianism.

Offered spring. In-depth exposure to feminist views and critique of the ethics and methods of scientific, social, and literary inquiry. Includes exposure to primary sources and current societal and global issues and movements, research finding, and literature exemplifying these methods of inquiry and the gendered dimensions of such inquiry.

(R-6) Offered intermittently. Directed individual research and study appropriate to the back ground and objectives of the student.

(R-6) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

(R-12) Offered intermittently. Course material appropriate to the needs and objectives of the individual student.

R-6) Offered intermittently. Prereq., consent of director. Extended classroom experience which provides practical application of classroom learning during placements off campus. Prior approval must be obtained from the faculty supervisor and the Internship Services office. A maximum of 6 credits of Internship (198, 298, 398, 498) may count toward graduation.

Offered spring. Prereq., WGS 119H, WGS 263S, WS 275S. Capstone course for the Women's and Gender Studies minor.

(R-6) Offered intermittently. Directed individual research and study appropriate to the back ground and objectives of the student.

Offered intermittently. Prereq., ART 150H or 151H or consent of instr. A survey of major women artists in context of social history and aesthetics from ancient to modern times. Analysis of feminism and works by contemporary women artists in film and video.

(R-6) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

(R-9) Offered intermittently. Course material appropriate to the needs and objectives of the individual student.

Spring, odd years. The African-American religious experience encompasses Islam, Christianity, Santería, voodoo, and many others. In this course, students will examine the history of religious expression within the African-American community from the colonial era through the twentieth century. Central to the course is the question, “How did religion shape the experience of the African-American community?” Students will also examine the ways in which religious practice influenced social, political, and cultural changes in American history.

(AM) Offered autumn, even years. This course explores the meaning of public prayer in the Civil Rights Movement.  Built around the question, "Does religion help or hinder the pursuit of social change?" this class combines historical and religious studies inquiry to trace changes in civil rights activists' efforts to make use of religion.  By focusing on a particular religious practice - in this case prayer - in a specific, but limited period of time, this course challenges students to consider how meaning is formed through historical action and study the social significance of religious practice.  This formed through historical action and study the social significance of religious practice.  This course complicates prevailing ideas about the normalcy of  African-American religious practitioners' prayer, invites students to examine their assumptions about the nature of prayer, and traces how religion spilled out of sanctuaries into the streets during the civil rights era.

Offered Autumn and Spring.   A study of selected ethical systems; origins, world views; religious beliefs and the way they have been affected by western civilization.

A survey of modern theories and methods in the study of religion. Overview of sociological, anthropological, psychological, phenomenological, comparative, cognitive, and other approaches to the question, What is religion?

(R-6) Selected topics in modern Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and New Testament studies. Focus on history, literature, and religions of ancient West Asia, the Mediterranean and North Africa. Topics vary from year to year and include: Israelite religion; prophets and prophecy; biblical history and historiography; ancient Gospels; the letters and communities of Paul; early biblical interpretation; archaeology and iconography of ancient religions; religion and politics in the Bible.

(R6) Survey of the history and literature of ancient Judaism and early Christianity. Topics include: the emergence of Judaism and Christianity in the Persian, Greek, and Roman empires; religions of ancient West Asia and the Mediterranean; stories of Jewish and Christian origins; the historical Jesus; the early rabbinic movement; the Dead Sea Scrolls; Paul between Judaism and Christianity.  

Selected studies in the intellectual history of western religions, alternating between studies of periods and seminal thinkers. Emphasis will be on the ancient and medieval periods.

Selected studies in the intellectual history of western religions, alternating between studies of periods and seminal thinkers. Emphasis will be on the late medieval and early modern periods.

(R-6) This course will examine select topics of central importance with respect to the history of interaction between the major religions (Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism) of South Asia.

(R-6) This course will examine select topics of central importance with respect to the history of interaction between the major religions (Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and folk animism and shamanism) of East Asia.

(R-6) Close reading of a selection of core Buddhist texts drawn from various Asian cultures and spanning the three main phases of the tradition.

An exploration of the history and culture of a unique civilization that has influenced greatly the cultures of Himalayan, East, and South Asia. Special attention will be given to Tibetan religions, but these will be explored within the context of the society's political, social, economic, and other cultural developments.

An exploration of both key developments in the history of Zen Buddhist thought and practice and the variety of ways that Zen has been studied by Western popular and academic cultures.

As with other major religions, modernity and globalization have presented profound challenges to Buddhist traditions.  In this course we will explore various contemporary issues that have affected Theravada Buddhist societies--colonial and post-colonial revivalism, religious nationalism, women's rights and social reform--as case studies in some of the major ways in which religions have confronted modernity.

An exploration of the rich and diverse approaches to mental transformation and cultivation of gnosis as developed by several of Asia's major religious traditions, such as Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism, Taoism, and Confucianism.

(R-6) An inquiry into the literature and interpretation of mysticism in the major religious traditions. Each offering will focus on a specific tradition or period.

(R-6) Study of selected major critical and constructive proposals in modern religious thought in various traditions.

(R-12) Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

(R-6) Course material appropriate to the needs and objectives of the individual student.

(R-12) Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one-time offerings of current topics.

(R-9) Prereq., consent of instr. Work on selected problems by individual students under direct faculty supervision.

Offered intermittently. A course tracing the influence of Arabic fiction on its western counterpart.

Offered alternate years. Same as WGS 379L & LIT 379L. Major 20th century novels and short stories written in English in different parts of the world and how these texts explore changing concepts of gender and sexuality.

Same as WGS 329. Prereq., WRIT 101. Examines how relationships between fathers and daughters have been represented, celebrated and critiqued in literature in the Western world, from antiquity to the present.

Offered every second semester. Same as SSEA 342. These courses compare major traditions, texts and trends in two or more world civilizations or cultures. Works of literature and/or philosophy are examined in their historical contexts, and in relation to each other.

(R–9) Offered intermittently. Intensive study of a specific historical period in Western humanities through its seminal literature, with an emphasis on intellectual and ethical paradigms.

Offered yearly.  An investigation of the differences, but also affinities, between the two fundamental Shakespearean genres.

(R–6) Offered intermittently. Directed individual research and study appropriate to the back ground and objectives of the student.

(R–9) Offered intermittently. Experimental offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one–time offerings of current topics.

(R–12) Offered intermittently. Course material appropriate to the needs and objectives of the individual student.

Offered yearly. Two antithetical models for the construction of a novel.

(R–6) Offered intermittently. Directed individual research and study appropriate to the background and objectives of the student.

(R–9) Offered intermittently. Experimental  offerings of visiting professors, experimental offerings of new courses, or one–time offerings of current topics.

(R–9) Offered intermittently. Course material appropriate to the needs and objectives of the individual student.

(R–9) Offered intermittently. Concentrated studies in specific genres and periods.

Offered alternate years. Same as WGS 379L & LIT 379L. Major 20th century novels and short stories written in English in different parts of the world and how these texts explore changing concepts of gender and sexuality.

Same as WGS 329. Prereq., WRIT 101. Examines how relationships between fathers and daughters have been represented, celebrated and critiqued in literature in the Western world, from antiquity to the present.

Offered yearly. Two antithetical models for the construction of a novel.

(R–9) Offered intermittently. Concentrated studies in specific genres and periods.